History of Western Civilization Short Ques

How did they live in the Stone Age? 
The Stone Age was a time thousands of years ago, when humans lived in caves and jungles. Life was simple, and there were only two main things to do – to protect themselves from the wild animals and to gather food. It started almost with the evolution of mankind. For both purposes, people made tools from stone.
What are the three stages of the Stone Age? 
The Stone Age has been divided into three distinct periods:
Paleolithic Period or Old Stone Age (30,000 BCE–10,000 BCE)
Mesolithic Period or Middle Stone Age (10,000 BCE–8,000 BCE)
Neolithic Period or New Stone Age (8,000 BCE–3,000 BCE)
Where was the Stone Age? 
The earliest global date for the beginning of the Stone Age is 2.5 million years ago inAfrica, and the earliest end date is about 3300 BCE, which is the beginning of Bronze Age in the Near East.
How did humans live in the paleolithic era? 
They spent most of their time searching for food. They hunted animals, caught fish, ate insects, and gathered nuts, berries, fruits, grains and plants. They were always on the move because they did not have fixed homes.
What kind of animals lived in the Stone Age?
The Woolly Mammoth and Mastodon, The Giant Beaver, The Mega Bear (Short Faced Bear), The Sabre Tooth Tiger (Smilodon), Dire Wolves andEarly Man hunting these animals.
What kind of food did they eat in the Stone Age?
The people during this period of time were hunter gatherers. They hunted animals with spears then ate them, and used their skins and bones to make clothes and tools. They also would have caught and eaten fish, shellfish, insects (like grasshoppers and grubs) and reptiles like lizards or tortoises.
How did the early humans make tools? 
Scientists have made experimental stone tools and used them to butcher modern animals. There is a strong similarity between the marks their tools made and the marks on fossil animal bones, indicating that early humans used stone tools to butcher animals by at least 2.6 million years ago.
What comes before the Stone Age? 
The Paleolithic is the earliest period of the Stone Age. The early part of the Palaeolithic is called the Lower Palaeolithic, which predates Homo sapiens, beginning with Homo habilis (and related species) and with the earliest stone tools, dated to around 2.5 million years ago.
What was the middle Stone Age? 
The Middle Stone Age (or MSA) was a period of African prehistory between the Early Stone Age and the Later Stone Age. It is generally considered to have begun around 280,000 years ago and ended around 50–25,000 years ago.
Where did they live in the Stone Age? 
There are a few sites in Britain where caves were lived in and also where people were buried – in the case of the Red Lady of Paviland, in a cave on the Gower peninsula in South Wales. But, there are not that many caves in Britain and the vast majority of Stone Age people would not have lived in caves.
What is the difference between the Paleolithic and Neolithic era? 
The Paleolithic Era (or Old Stone Age) is a period of prehistory from about 2.6 million years ago to around 10000 years ago. ... In the Paleolithic era, there were more than one human species but only one survived until the Neolithic era.Paleolithic humans lived a nomadic lifestyle in small groups.
What is the Mesolithic Age?
Mesolithic Period, also called Middle Stone Age, ancient cultural stage that existed between the Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age), with its chipped stone tools, and the Neolithic Period (New Stone Age), with its polished stone tools.
When did the iron age begin and end? 
In other regions of Europe, the Iron Age began in the 8th century BC in Central Europe and the 6th century BC in Northern Europe. The Near Eastern Iron Age is divided into two subsections, Iron I and Iron II. Iron I (1200–1000 BC) illustrates both continuity and discontinuity with the previous Late Bronze Age.
When did the Copper Age start? 
The Chalcolithic period, or Copper Age, was an era of transition between the stone toolusing farmers of the Neolithic and the metal-obsessed civilizations of the Bronze Age. The Copper Age was really a phenomenon of the eastern Mediterranean regions, and occurred from roughly 3500 to 2300 BCE.


What is the Later Stone Age? 
The Later Stone Age (or LSA) is a period in African prehistory that follows the EarlyStone Age and Middle Stone Age. All three periods are often confused with the Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic.
What did they wear in the Stone Age? 
the Stone Age most clothing was made of leather, fur, or woven grasses. They made their clothes in the Stone Age by skinning animals' fur. Stone age clothingwas probably more than just animals skin tunics. There is evidence of woven cloth during the stone age as well.
What are the four ancient civilizations?       
Four of these six are of the Old World: Mesopotamia,ancient Egypt, the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley (in what is today northwest India and Pakistan), and ancient China. The last two,Mesoamerica and South America, are of the New World.
What is the oldest civilization on Earth?            
Ancient Mesopotamia
"Though large village settlements were proven to exist in Ancient Mesopotamia by 6500 BC, the presence of signs of large scale trade in the Indus Valley Civilization as early as in 4300 BC, weaken the claim that the Mesopotamians were definitely civilized before the Indians."
Who were the first civilization? 
The people of early civilizations needed water for drinking and for their crops, so they settled near rivers. One civilization, called Mesopotamia, was established between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in what is now the nation of Iraq.

Where civilization started? 
Around 3200 B.C., civilization began in two separate areas. In an location that the world now knows as Iraq, the Sumerians settled to form Mesopotamia. In NorthAfrica, ancient Egypt began to form along the Nile Valley.

Where civilization started? 
Around 3200 B.C., civilization began in two separate areas. In an location that the world now knows as Iraq, the Sumerians settled to form Mesopotamia. In NorthAfrica, ancient Egypt began to form along the Nile Valley.

How did ancient Egypt begin? 
Archaic (Early Dynastic) Period (c. 3100-2686 B.C.) King Menes founded the capital of ancient Egypt at White Walls (later known as Memphis), in the north, near the apex of the Nile River delta. The capital would grow into a great metropolis that dominated Egyptian society during the Old Kingdom period.

What did the ancient Egypt invent? 
The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp and the lever, to aid construction processes. They used rope trusses to stiffen the beam of ships. Egyptian paper, made from papyrus, and pottery were mass-produced and exported throughout the Mediterranean basin.

How old is human History? 
While our ancestors have been around for about six million years, the modern form of humans only evolved about 200,000 years ago. Civilization as we know it is only about 6,000 years old, and industrialization started in the earnest only in the 1800s.

What is the opposite of civilization? 
Civilization is the opposite of barbarism and chaos. Civilization is an advanced stage of human society, where people live with a reasonable degree of organization and comfort and can think about things like art and education.
Who were Cimmerian?
a member of an ancient nomadic people who overran Asia Minor in the 7th century BC. first mentioned in the late 8th century BC in Assyrian records.
What was the language of the Akkadians? 
Akkadian language, also spelled Accadian, also called Assyro-Babylonian, extinct Semitic language of the Northern Peripheral group, spoken in Mesopotamia from the 3rd to the 1st millennium bce.

Who were the Akkadians conquered by? 
Sargon of Akkad gradually conquered the area between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers around 2300 BC. The Akkadians spoke a Semitic language, like the Amorites. Sargon, according to Sumerian literature, was born to an Akkadian high priestess and a poor father, maybe a gardener.

How long did the Akkadian Empire Last Why did it fall? 
Many people in Mesopotamia at the time spoke two languages, Akkadian and Sumerian..The Sumerians believed that the Akkadian Empire collapsed because of a curse placed on them when Naram-Sin conquered the city of Nippur and destroyed the temple.

What language did they speak in Babylon?
We don't know, but it is certain that they spoke a Semitic language related to modern Arabic and Hebrew. In the second millennium, the Akkadian language was spoken and written all over Mesopotamia, although there was a southern (Babylonian) and a northern (Assyrian) variant.

What is the first written language? 
Sumerian The Sumerian language is one of the earliest known written languages. The "protoliterate" period of Sumerian writing spans c. 3300 to 3000 BC. In this period, records are purely logographic, with no linguistic or phonological content. The oldestdocument of the proto-literate period is the Kish tablet.

What is the first empire in history? 
Akkadian Empire Akkad is sometimes regarded as the first empire in history, though there are earlierSumerian claimants. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the people of Mesopotamia eventually coalesced into two major Akkadian-speaking nations: Assyria in the north, and, a few centuries later, Babylonia in the south.

Who was the first emperor of the world? 
Sargon The head of the Akkadians was Sargon, who proved himself an able ruler for most of his lifetime. And as ruler of his own people and of the Sumerians, he was, technically, the world's first emperor. His capital was Akkad, the later site of the great city of Babylon.

How long was the Greek civilization? 
Ancient Greece emerges from its dark ages around 776 BC. The Classical Period lasts from 776 BC to 323 BC. From the view of historians, it ends with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. So, it lasts roughly 350 years.

How many years did the Roman Empire last? 
507 years The Roman Empire began with the crowning of Gaius Octavian Thurinus in 31 B.C. and fell to the German Goths in A.D. 476, for a total of 507 years. The Byzantine Empire, Rome's eastern half, did not fall until the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.

When was Sumer founded? 
The Sumerian civilization emerged upon the flood plain of the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers about 4000 B.C. The social structure of the Sumerians was decidedly different from other societies of that and later times.

Where is Babylonia? 
\Babylon is the most famous city from ancient Mesopotamia whose ruins lie in modernday Iraq 59 miles (94 kilometres) southwest of Baghdad. The name is thought to derive from bav-il or bav-ilim which, in the Akkadian language of the time, meant 'Gate of God' or `Gate of the Gods' and `Babylon' coming from Greek.
What was the earliest form of writing called? 
The earliest writing systems evolved independently and at roughly the same time in Egypt and Mesopotamia, but current scholarship suggests that Mesopotamia's writing appeared first. That writing system, invented by the Sumerians, emerged in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE.
What is a cuneiform? 
Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE. It is considered the most significant among the many cultural contributions of the Sumerians and the greatest among those of the Sumerian city of Uruk which advanced the writing of cuneiform c. 3200 BCE.
Who are the Assyrians of today? 
The indigenous Assyrian homeland areas are "part of today's northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria". The Assyriancommunities that are still left in the Assyrian homeland are in Syria (400,000), Iraq (300,000), Iran (20,000), and Turkey (15,000–25,100).

Where is Assyria? 
Assyria, kingdom of northern Mesopotamia that became the centre of one of the great empires of the ancient Middle East. It was located in what is now northern Iraqand southeastern Turkey.
What is the difference between Syria and Assyria? 
Assyria was an ancient civilization. TheAssyrians were Semitic people who lived in what is now modern Syria and present-day Iraq before the Arabs came to live in Assyria. Assyria was the Akkadian kingdom which extended between the rivers Furat and Dajla.

What language do they speak in Assyria? 
Aramaic The official language of the three main Assyrian churches is Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language Jesus would have spoken. Many Assyrians speak Aramaicdialects, though they often speak the local languages of the regions where they live as well.
How long did the Assyrian empire exist? 
340 years The Old Assyrian Empire begins with the founding of Ashur. The Old Assyrian Empire lasted from 2000 BC to 1759 BC. The Old Empire fell to Hammurabi's forces. The Old Assyrian Empire lasted roughly 340 years.

Where is the city of Nineveh? 
Nineveh, the oldest and most-populous city of the ancient Assyrian empire, situated on the east bank of the Tigris River and encircled by the modern city of Mosul, Iraq.

Who were the neo Babylonians? 
Neo-Babylonian Empire. The Neo-Babylonian Empire, also known as the Chaldean Empire, was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC. During the preceding three centuries, Babylonia had been ruled by their fellow Akkadian speakers and northern neighbours, Assyria.
What is the meaning of the name Ashur? 
The name Ashur is an Assyrian baby name. In Assyrian the meaning of the name Ashur is: Ashur was the Assyrian god of war. Ashur is also an Islamic month.
Where would Babylon be located today? 
Babylon is the most famous city from ancient Mesopotamia whose ruins lie in modernday Iraq 59 miles (94 kilometres) southwest of Baghdad. The name is thought to derive from bav-il or bav-ilim which, in the Akkadian language of the time, meant 'Gate of God' or `Gate of the Gods' and `Babylon' coming from Greek.
How did the Babylonians fall? 
In October 539 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus took Babylon, the ancient capital of an empire covering modern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. In a broader sense,Babylon was the ancient world's capital of scholarship and science
How long did the Babylonians exist? 
300 years The last king, Samsu-Ditana was overthrown after a Hittite invasion. So, the First Babylonian Dynasty lasted roughly 300 years. The Old Assyrian Empire begins with the founding of Ashur. The Old Assyrian Empire lasted from 2000 BC to 1759 BC.

When was the destruction of Babylon? 
In the 7th century BC the Assyrians, under Sennacherib, overwhelm the Babylonians. Sennacherib appals many in Mesopotamia by his brutal destruction, in 689, of the ancient city of Babylon. How did the Babylonian Empire start? The city of Babylon had been a city-state in Mesopotamia for many years. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the city was taken over and settled by the Amorites. The city began its rise to power in 1792 BC when King Hammurabi took the throne.

What was the language of the Babylonians? 
I  don't know ;) , but it is certain that they spoke a Semitic language related to modern Arabic and Hebrew. In the second millennium, the Akkadian language was spoken and written all over Mesopotamia, although there was a southern (Babylonian) and a northern (Assyrian) variant.

Where is the Ishtar Gate now? 
Babylon The Ishtar Gate was constructed by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II circa 575 BCE. It was the eighth gate of the city of Babylon (in present day Iraq) and was the main entrance into the city.

What is the culture of Babylonians? 
Babylon was merely a religious and cultural centre at this point and neither an independent state nor a large city; like the rest of Mesopotamia, it was subject to the Akkadian Empire which united all the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule.

Who built the city of Nineveh? 
In the Hebrew Bible, Nineveh is first mentioned in Genesis 10:11: "Ashur left that land, and built Nineveh". Some modern English translations interpret "Ashur" in theHebrew of this verse as the country "Assyria" rather than a person, thus making Nimrod, rather than Ashur, the founder of Nineveh.

Where was the first written language? 
Sumerian language, language isolate and the oldest written language in existence. First attested about 3100 bc in southern Mesopotamia, it flourished during the 3rd millennium bc.

When did the Babylonian Empire start and end? 
626 BC

What is the meaning of Babylon? 
a native or inhabitant of ancient Babylonia

Who destroyed Jerusalem? 
The Roman army, led by the future Emperor Titus, with Tiberius Julius Alexanderas his second-in-command, besieged and conquered the city of Jerusalem, which had been occupied by its Jewish defenders in 66. The siege ended with the sacking of the city and the destruction of its Second Temple.

What is the definition of Babylonian empire? 
The Babylonian Empire was the most powerful state in the ancient world after the fall of the Assyrian empire (612 BCE). Its capital Babylon was beautifully adorned by king Nebuchadnezzar, who erected several famous buildings.

Who were Cimmerians? 
Ancient people of S Russia of whom little is actually known. They are mentioned in Homer, but they emerge into history only in the 8th cent. BC when they were driven by the Scythians (see Scythia ) from their former home in Crimea and came to the region around Lake Van (in present-day E Turkey). Defeated (634 BC) by the Scythians, the Cimmerians swept across Asia Minor, plundering Lydia and breaking the power of Phrygia . The biblical Gomer may be the eponym of the Cimmerians, and they are mentioned in the inscriptions of the Assyrians, with whom they warred.

Who were the most important gods in ancient Egypt? 
Lets' view at the surface to the top 10 worshipped ancient gods of Egyptian Civilization.
AMUN-Ra “The Hidden One
MUT “The Mother Goddess”
OSIRIS “The King of Living”
ANUBIS “The Divine Embalmer”
RA “The God of Sun & Radiance”
HORUS “God of Vengeance”
THOTH “God of Knowledge and Wisdom”
HATHOR “Goddess of Motherhood”

How many gods and goddesses were there in ancient Egypt? 
There were over 2,000 names of gods in Ancient Egypt. Some images of Ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses show them with a human body and the head of a bird or an animal. Animals were chosen to represent the powers of the god. Bastet was the Goddess of Protection of joy, love, pleasure and pregnant woman.

Why did the gods have animal heads? 
Some gods and goddesses were identified with particular animals. There was often a connection between the god or goddess and the actions of the animal. For example, the goddess of war, named Sekhmet was sometimes shown with the headof a lioness to show that she was ferocious.

Why did the gods have animal heads? 
Some gods and goddesses were identified with particular animals. There was often a connection between the god or goddess and the actions of the animal. For example, the goddess of war, named Sekhmet was sometimes shown with the headof a lioness to show that she was ferocious.


How did the Egyptians worship their gods and goddesses? 
For that reason, worshipping the deities was a large part of life in ancient Egypt. Some gods and goddesses were worshipped by the pharaoh and priests in large temples. These were the 'official' gods and goddesses of the state, like Amun, Horus and Bastet.

What did the Egyptian people believe in? 
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society. It centered on the Egyptians' interaction with many deities who were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces of nature.

Who is RA? 
By the Fifth Dynasty in the 25th and 24th centuries BC, he had become a majorgod in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon sun. In later Egyptian dynastic times, Ra was merged with the god Horus, as Ra-Horakhty ("Ra, who is Horus of the Two Horizons").

What is Isis the goddess of? 
The name Isis means "Throne". ... In the typical form of her myth, Isis was the first daughter of Geb, god of the Earth, and Nut, goddess of the Sky, and she was born on the fourth intercalary day. She married her brother, Osiris, and she conceived Horus with him.

Who did the Egyptian worship? 
The Egyptians worshiped hundreds of gods and goddesses. Gods like Osiris, ruler of the underworld, looked human. Others were shown as animals, such as the catgoddess Bastet, who brought fertility. The most important was ram-headed Amun, king of the gods.

How did the religion affect the lives of the ancient Egyptians? 
Religion guided every aspect of Egyptian life. Egyptian religion was based on polytheism, or the worship of many deities, except for during the reign of Akenaton. The Egyptians had as many as 2,000 gods and goddesses. ... Osiris was the god that made a peaceful afterlife possible.

How did the ancient Egyptians prepare for the afterlife? 
The ancient Egyptians believed that when they died their spiritual body would continue to exist in an afterlife very similar to their living world. However, entry into this afterlife was not guaranteed. The dead had to negotiate a dangerous underworld journey and face the final judgment before they were granted access.

Why did the Egyptians believe in an afterlife? 
The afterlife was known by many different terms such as “Field of Offerings” and “Rushes”. The Egyptians spent their life preparing for life after death. According to the ancient mythology all individuals would enter the underworld, which was a terrifying dimension which every individual dreaded.
Who is Ra in ancient Egypt? 
Ra was the sun god. He was the most important god of the ancient Egyptians. The ancient Egyptians believed that Ra was swallowed every night by the sky goddess Nut, and was reborn every morning. The ancient Egyptians also believed that he travelled through the underworld at night.

Why is the goddess Isis important? 
Isis was the Goddess of the Earth in ancient Egypt and loved her brother Osiris. When they married, Osiris became the first King of Earth. Their brother Set, immensely jealous of their powers, murdered Osiris so he could usurp the throne.

Who was nekhbet? 
Nekhbet was the Egyptian white vulture goddess and protector of Egypt and the Pharaohs. She was referred to as "Mother of Mothers, who hath existed from the Beginning". She was the patron goddess of the Upper Egypt city of Nekheb (modern day El Kab), from which her name derives.

Who is the first Egyptian god? 
Shu was the husband of Tefnut and the father of Nut and Geb. He and his wife were the first gods created by Atum. Shu was the god of the air and sunlight or, more precisely, dry air and his wife represented moisture.

Why were there so many gods in ancient Egypt? The
ancient Egyptians believed in many different gods and goddesses. ... Others were either local gods who represented towns, or minor gods who represented plants or animals. The ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to recognise and worship these gods and goddesses so that life continued smoothly.

What is the religion of Egypt? 
When the Greeks and the Romans conquered Egypt, their religion was influenced by that of Egypt. Ancient pagan beliefs gradually faded and were replaced by monotheistic religions. Today, the majority of the Egyptian population is Muslim, with a small minority of Jews and Christians.

How did the Egyptians preserve the bodies? 
However, they realised that bodies placed in coffins decayed when they were not exposed to the hot, dry sand of the desert. Over many centuries, the ancientEgyptians developed a method of preserving bodies so they would remain lifelike. The process included embalming the bodies and wrapping them in strips of linen.

Who were Etruscan? 
The Etruscan civilization is the modern name given to a powerful and wealthy civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio.

Where are the Etruscans from? 
Origins of the Etruscans. The Etruscans occupied the region to the north of Rome, between the Arno and Tiber Rivers to the west of the Apennine Mountains. The Romans were first a subject people of the Etruscans and later their conquerors.

Who are the Greeks? 
The Greeks or Hellenes are an ethnic group native toGreece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Turkey, Sicily, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.

Who defeated the ancient Greeks? 
Alexander defeated Darius III of Persia and completely destroyed the AchaemenidEmpire, annexing it to Macedon and earning himself the epithet 'the Great'. When Alexander died in 323 BC, Greek power and influence was at its zenith.

Who are the Hellenes? 
In the Parian Chronicle is mentioned that Phthia was the homeland of Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Graikoi .In Greek mythology, Hellen, the patriarch of Hellenes, was son of Deucalion (who ruled around Phthia) and Pyrrha, the only survivors after the great deluge.

How did they live in ancient Greece? 
There were many pirate ships in the Mediterranean and Aegean seas at the time of the Ancient Greeks. Lived from about 428 to 348, he was a philosopher and teacher in Athens. ... The Ancient Romans conquered Greece around 146 BC, but admired and copied Greek civilization.

How did ancient Greece come to an end? 
The civilization of Ancient Greece emerged into the light of world history in the 8th century BC. Normally it is regarded as coming to an end when Greece fell to the Romans, in 146 BC. However, major Greek (or “Hellenistic”, as modern scholars call them) kingdoms lasted longer than this.

How long did ancient Greece last for? 
350 years Ancient Greece emerges from its dark ages around 776 BC. The Classical Period lasts from 776 BC to 323 BC. From the view of historians, it ends with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. So, it lasts roughly 350 years.

What was Greece called before Greece? 
Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada and its official name is the Hellenic Republic

Why is it called Hellenistic? 
Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age. The word Hellenistic comes from the root word Hellas, which was the ancient Greek word for Greece. The Hellenic Age was the time when Greek culture was pure and unaffected by other cultures.

What were the houses like in ancient Greece? 
In most of ancient Greece, a house was built around an open air courtyard.Houses were built of stone, wood, and clay bricks. They were sturdy and comfortable. Larger homes might have several bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathing room, a woman's sitting area, a men's dining room, and one or two rooms for storage.

Who was the first king of ancient Greece? 
Alexander the Great Philip II, king of Macedon and Greece (359–336 B.C.) Alexander the Great, , king of Macedon and much of Asia, (356–323 B.C.) Lysimachus, general of Alexander the Great, ruler of Thrace, west Asia Minor, and Macedonia, (c. 355–281 B.C.)

What kind of food did the ancient Greeks eat? 
The Ancient Greeks grew olives, grapes, figs and wheat and kept goats, for milk and cheese. They ate lots of bread, beans and olives. In the Summer months there were plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables to eat and in the winter they ate dried fruit and food they had stored like apples and lentils.

Why did they call it the Golden Age? 
A golden age is a period in a field of endeavor when great tasks were accomplished. The term originated from early Greek and Roman poets, who used it to refer to a time when mankind lived in a better time .

Where was Sparta in ancient Greece? 
Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was an ancient Greek city-state located primarily in the present-day region of southern Greece called Laconia.

Why was Sparta important to ancient Greece? 
During the 5th century BC Sparta was very powerful. This was due to her army, which was feared by other Greeks. Sparta focused on producing good soldiers and all Spartan male citizens were part of the army. The Spartan army played an important role in the Greek victory over the Persians, in 480-479 BC.

What is a Himation in ancient Greece? 
A himation was a type of clothing, a mantle or wrap worn by Ancient Greek men and women from the Archaic through the Hellenistic periods (c. 750–30 BC). It was usually worn over a chiton and/or peplos, but was made of heavier drape and played the role of a cloak or shawl.

What was the role of women in Sparta? 
Spartan women were famous in ancient Greece for having more freedom than elsewhere in the Greek world. To contemporaries outside of Sparta, Spartan women had a reputation for promiscuity and controlling their husbands.

What happened in the Hellenistic Age? 
The Hellenistic Age is a period in history defined as the time between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman domination. During this time, Greek culture was dominant throughout the Mediterranean, thus the name Hellenistic, which is derived from the Greek "Hellas" which means Greece.

What does Zeus like to do? 
Zeus was the king of the Greek gods who lived on Mount Olympus. He was the god of the sky and thunder. His symbols include the lightning bolt, the eagle, the bull, and the oak tree. He was married to the goddess Hera.

How does Zeus defeat his father? 
“When he grew up Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeatthem, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld” (Greek Mythology). Much less,Zeus defeated Cronus and the Titans to become ruler. Cronus overthrew his father because his mom told him to also.

How many times was Zeus married?
Hera Leto
Metis
Maia
Dione
What does Zeus do to his father?
Zeus was the youngest son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. When he was born, his father Cronus intended to swallow him as he had all of Zeus's siblings: Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera. But Rhea hid the newborn in a cave on Mount Dicte in Crete.

Why did Cronus want to eat his children? 
Because of this, he decided to eat them so he could obtain their power and stop the risk of the end of his reign. He ate all but Zeus because Rhea hid baby Zeus and gave Kronos a rock instead. Later, when Zeus was grown, he fed Kronos a mixture of mustard and wine and made him throw up his children.

Who are the 12 Greek gods? 
In the ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, the Twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greek pantheon, commonly considered to be Zeus, Hera,Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus,Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus.

Why is Zeus married to his sister? 
In Greek mythology, Zeus and Hera were brother and sister as well as husband and wife. They were the children of Cronus and Rhea (also married siblings). Cronus and Rhea, in turn, were children of Uranus and Gaia (a son who took his mother as consort, in some versions of the myth).

Why Zeus is the most powerful god? His weapon is a trident, which can shake the earth, and shatter any object. He is themost powerful Olympian god, after Zeus. Hades is the brother of Zeus. After the overthrow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Poseidon, another brother, to share the power of the world.

Who were Hittites?  
The Hittites occupied the region of Anatolia (also known as Asia Minor, modern-day Turkey) prior to 1700 BCE, developed a culture apparently from the indigenous Hatti (and possibly the Hurrian) people, and expanded their territories into an empire which rivaled, and threatened, the established nation of Egypt.

Who were the Indus Valley people? 
The Indus Valley was home to one of the world's first large civilisations. It began nearly 5,000 years ago in an area of modern-day Pakistan and Northern India. There were more than 1,400 towns and cities in the Indus Valley. The biggest were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

Why did the Indus Valley civilization disappear? 
The Aryan Invasion Theory (c. 1800-1500 BC) The Indus Valley Civilization may have met its demise due to invasion. According to one theory by British archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler, a nomadic, Indo-European tribe, called the Aryans, suddenly overwhelmed and conquered the Indus River Valley.

What did they eat in the Indus Valley? 
Indus people kept cattle, pigs, sheep and goats for food. Cows provided milk and meat. Farmers grew fruit such as dates, grapes and melons, and field crops such as wheat and peas. Indus Valley people ate a healthy diet.

Which god was worshiped by Indus Valley people? 
It was widely suggested that the Harappan people worshipped a Mother goddesssymbolizing fertility. A few Indus valley seals displayed swastika sign which were there in many religions, especially in Indian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Who found the Indus Valley civilization? 
In the 1920s, archaeologists began to excavate the sites of Harappa and MohenjoDaro. They uncovered the remains of long-forgotten cities. They had found the Indus Valley civilisation.

Where was Lydia? 
Lydia  was an Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak, Manisa and inland İzmir. Its population spoke an Anatolian language known as Lydian.

Who were the Lydians history? 
Lydia, a name derived from its first King Lydus according to Herodotus but also known as Maeonia, occupied the western region of Asia Minor (Anatolia) in theHermus and Cayster Valleys. Its neighbours were Caria (south), Phrygia (east), and Mysia (north)

What language did the Lydians speak?
Lydian, a member of the Anatolian branch of Indo-European languages that was spoken in western Anatolia (modern Turkey) up to about the 1st Century BC, when the Lydians adopted Greek as their language.

What country were the Medes from? 
The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (northwestern Iran) and who spoke the Median language. 

When did Medo Persia conquer Babylon? 
In October 539 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus took Babylon, the ancient capital of an empire covering modern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. In a broader sense, Babylon was the ancient world's capital of scholarship and science.

Who are the Persian Empire? 
Persian Empire. Persian Empire is any of a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia (modern–day Iran). The first of these was the Achaemenid Empireestablished by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires.

What is now Persia? 
For the last 2600 years, up to the year 1935, following a naming convention that was started by the ancient Greeks, in all Western languages today's Iran was known as "Persia", a word that was different from the word used in Persian, which was always "Iran".

How did the Persian Empire end? 
Reasons for its decline and fall. After the death of Darius, his son Xerxes ruled until 465 B.C. Xerxes was a cruel but weak king who was also defeated by the Greeks in the Persian Wars. During Xerxes' reign, the Persian Empire declined.

Who was the last king of the Persian Empire? 
Achaemenid dynasty (550–330 BC)
Throne Name Original Name Title Artaxerxes III Ochus The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Artaxerxes IV Arses The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Darius III Artashata The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Artaxerxes V Bessus The Great King, King of Kings

Where did the Persian people come from?
The Aryans gave Persia its historical name: Airyana, The land of the Aryans from which the name Iran/Aryan comes. Arian Tribes who emigrated to the west became the ancestors of Greeks and people who chose east as their destination came to be known as Indo-Iranians. Aryan (Arian) means noble or honorable . When did Persia change its name to Iran? 1935 In 1935 the Iranian government requested those countries which it had diplomatic relations with, to call Persia "Iran," which is the name of the country in Persian. The suggestion for the change is said to have come from the Iranian ambassador to Germany, who came under the influence of the Nazis.

Who were the persian gods? 
Zarich is one of the female members of the Daevas and the personification of ageing. Her eternal opponent is Ameretat. The primordial god in Persian religion, and the god of infinite time and space. Zurvan is the father of the good god Ahura Mazda and the evil god Angra Mainy

What was Lebanon called before? 
It was inhabited by the Canaanites, a Semitic people, whom the Greeks called "Phoenicians" because of the purple (phoinikies) dye they sold. These early inhabitants referred to themselves as "men of Sidon" or the like, according to their city of origin, and called the country "Lebanon."

How old are the Phoenicians? 
1500 BC

When did the ancient Phoenicians live? 
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC.

What did the ancient Phoenicians invent? 
We are often told that the Phoenicians invented the alphabet, though some debate this. Regardless of who put pen to papyrus to create it, the Phoenician contribution was none-the-less major and critical. They were the major sea-traders of the Mediterranean, and they went everywhere.

Where are the Phoenicians from? 
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization composed of independent city-states which lay along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea stretching through what is now Syria,Lebannon and northern Israel.

What does it mean Phoenician? 
" literally "land of the purple"
What was the language of the Phoenicians? 
Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal (Mediterranean) region then called "Canaan" in Phoenician, Arabic, Greek, and Aramaic, "Phoenicia" inGreek and Latin, and "Pūt" in the Egyptian language. It is a part of the Canaanite subgroup of the Northwest Semitic languages.

How did Lebanon become a country? 
The French were given the mandate of Syria after World War I by the League of Nations; Lebanon was a part of that mandate. ... The Free French proclaimedLebanon an independent republic. Elections were held in 1943, and, after considerable controversy, Lebanon became independent on Jan. 1, 1944.

How many characters are in the Phoenician alphabet? 
The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad consisting of 22 letters, all consonants, with matres lectionis used for some vowels in certain late varieties.

Where is Carthage? 
Tunisia The ancient city of Carthage was founded by the Phoenicians on the north coast of Africa in about 800 BC. Until it was overthrown by Rome in 146 BC, Carthage was the trading center of the western Mediterranean Sea. Today Carthage is a suburb ofTunis, the capital of Tunisia.

Who were Phrygian? 
Phrygia  ancient region, central Asia Minor (now central Turkey). The Phrygians, who settled here c.1200 BC, came from the Balkans and apparently spoke an Indo-European language. A kingdom, associated in Greek legend with the names of Midas and Gordius , flourished from the 8th to the 6th cent. BC, when it fell with the Cimmerian invasion (676–585 BC) and became dominated by Lydia. Phrygia was best known to the Greeks as a source of slaves and as a center of the cult of Cybele . N Phrygia became part of Galatia with the invasion of the Gauls (3d cent. BC). The kings of Pergamum ruled much of Phrygia until it passed to the Romans. There has been much archaeological excavation in the area. who were Romans?
The Romans invaded other countries too. The Roman Empire covered much of Europe, north Africa, and the Middle East. TheRomans lived in Rome, a city in the centre of the country of Italy . One day, some years before Jesus Christ was born, theRomans came to Britain.

Who was considered to be a citizen in Rome? 
In the late Republic, male slaves who were granted their freedom could become fullcitizens. Around 90 B.C.E., non-Roman allies of the Republic gained the rights ofcitizenship, and by 212 C.E, under the Edict of Caracalla, all free people of theRoman Empire could become citizens.

What was the role of slavery in Rome? 
Slavery in ancient Rome played an important role in society and the economy. Besides manual labour, slaves performed many domestic services, and might be employed at highly skilled jobs and professions. Accountants and physicians were often slaves. Greek slaves in particular might be highly educated

What was a plebeian? 
The term plebeian referred to all free Roman citizens who were not members of the patrician, senatorial or equestrian classes. Working class heroes. Plebeians were average working citizens of Rome – farmers, bakers, builders or craftsmen – who worked hard to support their families and pay their taxes.

Who was the first king of the Roman Empire? 
According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, who founded the city in 753 BC upon the Palatine Hill. Seven legendary kings are said to have ruled Romeuntil 509 BC, when the last king was overthrown.

Who was the last king of Rome? 
Tarquinius Tarquin, Latin in full Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (flourished 6th century bc—died 495 bc, Cumae [near modern Naples, Italy]), traditionally the seventh and last king of Rome, accepted by some scholars as a historical figure. His reign is dated from 534 to 509 bc.

Who ruled the Romans? 
Augustus A Roman emperor was the man who ruled over the empire. The first Emperor ruled Rome after years of fighting between rival leaders. His name was Octavian. He took a new name, Augustus, when he became Emperor in 27 BC.

Who are the Sumerians? 
The Sumerians were one of the earliest urban societies to emerge in the world, in Southern Mesopotamia more than 5000 years ago. They developed a writing system whose wedge-shaped strokes would influence the style of scripts in the same geographical area for the next 3000 years.

What was the religion of the Sumerians? 
The Sumerians originally practiced a polytheistic religion, with anthropomorphic deities representing cosmic and terrestrial forces in their world. During the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE, Sumerian deities became more anthropocentric and were "...nature gods transformed into city gods."

What is the difference between Mesopotamians and Sumerians? 
Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris/Euphrates rivers system, Sumer was one of the many civilizations that inhabited that area. "Sumer was an ancient civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq and Kuwait, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age.

When did the Sumer civilization begin and end? 
The Sumerian civilization emerged upon the flood plain of the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers about 4000 B.C. The social structure of the Sumerians was decidedly different from other societies of that and later times.

How did the Sumerians worship their gods? 
Under the four creator deities were the seven gods who "decree the fates." These were An, Enlil, Enki, Ninhursag, Nanna, Utu, and Inanna. These were followed by the 50 "great gods" or Annunaki, the children of An. Sumerians believed that theirrole in the universe was to serve the gods.

What are some of the inventions of the Sumerians? 
The wheel, plow, and writing (a system which we call cuneiform) are examples of their achievements. The farmers in Sumer created levees to hold back the floods from their fields and cut canals to channel river water to the fields. The use of levees and canals is called irrigation, another Sumerian invention.

When did the Sumerians live?
The Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia around 4000 BC. Mesopotamia – or the Fertile Crescent – was a region in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in the territory of modern Iraq, Iran and Syria.

What are the names of the Sumerian city states? 
It is generally accepted that the first cities in the world rose in Sumer and, among the most important, were Eridu, Uruk, Ur, Larsa, Isin, Adab, Kullah, Lagash, Nippur, and Kish. The city of Uruk is held to be the first true city in the world.

How was Athens founded and how did it get its name? 
The name giving of Athens. It is well-known that Athens was the most powerful and glorious town of ancient Greece. Its residents managed to develop a wonderful civilization that is admired till today. It is also known that the city got its name from Athena, the goddess of wisdom and courage.

*What is cuneiform ? 
Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE. It is considered the most significant among the many cultural contributions of the Sumerians and the greatest among those of the Sumerian city of Uruk which advanced the writing of cuneiform c. 3200 BCE.

Who is Hammurabi?
Hammurabi was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, reigning from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit, who abdicated due to failing health

Which master piece of Homer contains the account of Trojan war? The Iliad is set during the Trojan War, In Greek mythology, Achilles was a Greek hero of the Trojan War and the central character and greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad.btw Homer is the name ascribed by the ancient Greeks to the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems which are the central works of ancient Greek literature. T

What is the significance of Sparta? 
During the 5th century BC Sparta was very powerful. This was due to her army, which was feared by other Greeks. Sparta focused on producing good soldiers and all Spartan male citizens were part of the army. The Spartan army played an important role in the Greek victory over the Persians, in 480-479 BC.

Who is the father of the history? 
Herodotus Cicero called Herodotus the “father of history.” Yet Arnaldo Momigliano, the great 20thcentury historiographer of the ancient world, ends his brilliant essay onHerodotus by noting, “It is a strange truth that Herodotus has really become the father of history only in modern times.

What is the major literary achievements of Virgil? 
Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He wrote three of the most famous poems in Latin literature, the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid

What is Neoplatonism? 
A philosophical and religious system developed by the followers of Plotinus in the 3rd century AD. Neo-platonism (or Neoplatonism) is a modern term used to designate the period of Platonic philosophy beginning with the work of Plotinus and ending with the closing of the Platonic Academy by the Emperor Justinian in 529 C.E.

Enlist major feature in the decline of Roman? 
There are 8 major features… invasions by Barbarian tribes Economic troubles and overreliance on slave labor The rise of the Eastern Empire Overexpansion and military overspending Government corruption and political instability The arrival of the Huns and the migration of the Barbarian tribes Christianity and the loss of traditional values Weakening of the Roman legions

What religion was Petrarch? 
The Italian poet Petrarch (1304-1374), or Francesco Petrarca, is best known for the Iyric poetry of his Canzoniere and is considered one of the greatest love poets of world literature. A scholar of classical antiquity, he was the founder of humanism

Who is Laura and Petrarch? 
Laura de Noves (1310–1348) was the wife of Count Hugues de Sade (ancestor of Marquis de Sade). She could be the Laura that the Humanist poet FrancescoPetrarch wrote about extensively; however, she has never been positively identified as such. Laura had a great influence on Petrarch's life and lyrics.

What is Cycladic civilization? 
Cycladic civilization (also known as Cycladic culture or Cycladic period) is an Early Bronze Age culture of the Cyclades, Greece, in the Aegean Sea, spanning the period from approximately 3200–2000 BC.

Why is it called the Bronze Age? 
The Bronze Age is the time period when people made tools from an alloy (a mixture of metals) called bronze. Bronze is a mixture of mainly copper and tin: usually nine parts copper to one part tin.

Who were Metics? 
Metics were free resident aliens who lived permanently in the city. The majority of metics had come to Athens to benefit from the Athenian economic miracle, and were usually involved in commerce. It is noteworthy that ancient sources contrast metics not with the citizens but with the townsfolk.

Who was the Thetes? 
The thetes were the lowest social class of citizens in ancient Athens after the political reforms of Solon.

What is the Syssitia? 
The syssitia  was, in Ancient Greece, a common meal for men and youths in social or religious groups, especially in Crete and Sparta, though also in Megara in the time of Theognis (6th century BC) and Corinth in the time of Periander (7th century BC).


Who were the Ephors? 
Ephor. The ephors were leaders of ancient Sparta and shared power with the two Spartan kings. The ephors were a council of five elected annually who swore "on behalf of the city", while the kings swore for themselves.

What was the Gerousia? 
The Gerousia  was the Spartan council of elders, which was made up of men over the age of sixty. It was created by the Spartan lawgiver Lycurgus in the seventh century BC, in his Great Rhetra ("Great Pronouncement").

How many play did Aeschylus? 
Only seven of an estimated seventy to ninety tragedies written by Aeschylus have survived intact: “Agamemnon”, “The Libation Bearers” and “The Eumenides” (these three forming a trilogy collectively known as “The Oresteia”)

How was Aeschylus killed? 
Traumatic brain injury What did Aeschylus do?
Aeschylus was born in the city of Eleusis, near Athens, in 525 BC and died in 456 BC. He was a Greek dramatist, the earliest of the city's great tragic poets. As the predecessor of Sophocles and Euripides, he is the founder of Greek tragedy.      Which philosopher was killed by a turtle?
The philosopher who died after a flying eagle dropped a turtle on his head. In 455 BC, Aeschylus, the great playwriter known as the Father of Greek Tragedy, died in a most unexpected way.

Why Pythagoras is famous? 
This famous theorem is named for the Greek mathematician and philosopher,Pythagoras. Pythagoras founded the Pythagorean School of Mathematics in Cortona, a Greek seaport in Southern Italy. He is credited with many contributions to mathematics although some of them may have actually been the work of his students.

What was discovered by Euclid? 
Although Euclid is a famous mathematician, very little is known about his life. It is believed that he was a student of Plato. Euclid was born around 365 B.C. in Alexandria, Egypt and lived until about 300 B.C. Euclid's most famous work is his collection of 13 books, dealing with geometry, called The Elements.

What did Archimedes achieve? 
In the 3rd Century BC, Archimedes: invented the sciences of mechanics and hydrostatics. discovered the laws of levers and pulleys, which allow us to moveheavy objects using small forces. invented one of the most fundamental concepts of physics – the center of gravity. . He was the son of an astronomer and mathematician named Phidias. Aside from that, very little is known about the early life of Archimedes or his family.

Who was hypocrates? Hippocrates was born around 460 BC on the island of Kos, Greece. He became known as the founder of medicine and was regarded as the greatest physician of his time. He based his medical practice on observations and on the study of the human body