On the Sublime

In "On the Sublime," why does Longinus shed light on the production itself rather than on the poet?

The reason why the author of On the Sublime (who more than likely is not Longinus, according to historians) sheds a light on the production itself rather than the poet is because of a term that the author quoted from Theodorus which is parenthyrsus (III). This term refers to a tragic flaw in all men which is to lose themselves into a situation.

What is an example of any poem that can be considered sublime according to Longinus, and why is it considered sublime?

One example of the sublime in poetry is Epithalamion by Edmund Spenser. Since this is a long and immensly complex poem, the poems in his sonnet cycle will serve equally well as examples of the sublime. According to Longinus, in brief, the style of poetry must elevated, moral, nobel, having strong emotion and containing dignified figures of speech.

What does Longinus discuss in On The Sublime?

This text begins with a discussion about the relationship between "nature" and "art

How is nobility of diction a source of the sublime as discussed by Longinus in On the Sublime?

Not every work is extraordinary. Longinus, in On the Sublime,has given detailed account of the sources that make any work of art sublime. Sublimity refers to greatness and excellence. One of the key things that make any work extraordinary is its "diction" (By diction, one means the words chosen for use in the work). Now, a writer can always choose one word over the other.

What is some information on Longinus as a Classic or Romantic critic?

Longinus wrote in the Classic Greek period. Longinus cannot be properly identified. It is thought he was actually a Greek master of rhetoric, though, for simplicity, the writer is consistently called Longinus.During the Classic period, Longinus had no appreciable impact or influence. This is said to be true because he is not referenced in any other known Classic Greek works, neither is he nor The Sublimementioned in the Medieval period.

What are the sources of the "sublime" in On The Sublime by Longinus?

Grandeur of Thought

Capacity for Strong Emotion

Appropriate Use of Pictures

Nobility of Diction

Dignity of Composition

What is false sublime? Explain with reference to Longinus's On the Sublime.

Longinus says that the false sublime is characterised first, by timidity or bombast of language, which is as great an evil as swellings in the body. “It is drier than dropsy.” Secondly, the false sublime is characterised by puerility, which is a parade and pomp of language, tawdry and affected, and so frigid. Thirdly, the false sublime results when there is a cheap display of passion, when it is not justified by the occasion, and so is wearisome. True sublime, on the other hand, pleases all and “pleases always,” for it expresses thoughts of universal validity—thoughts common to man of all ages and centuries—in a language which instinctively uplifts our souls.

How does figurative language enhance "sublimity" in On the Sublime?

Longinus, in Section XV of his treatise, argues that figurative langauge, done well, can play a vital part in the creation of sublimity. This is a very interesting example of how Longinus argues that excellence in literature comes through a marriage of natural talent and genius and learnt skill, such as the ability to use figurative language well to describe something.

Write note on Frigidity in On the Sublime.

Frigidity is a characteristic that Longinus sees as an enemy of sublime literature. Writers achieve frigidity when, while they "aim at the uncommon and elaborate and most of all at the attractive, they drift unawares into the tawdry and affected.

What is the sublime art?

In aesthetics, the sublime (from the Latin sublīmis) is the quality of greatness, whether physical, moral, intellectual, metaphysical, aesthetic, spiritual, or artistic. The term especially refers to a greatness beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement, or imitation.

How does Longinus define the sublime?

Longinus defines the literary sublime as "excellence in language", the "expression of a great spirit" and the power to provoke "ecstasy" in one's readers. Longinusholds that the goal of a writer should be to produce a form of ecstasy.

What is the sublime in literature?

The sublime, a notion in aesthetic and literary theory, is a striking grandeur of thought and emotion. Longinus defines literary sublimity as "excellence in language," the "expression of a great spirit," and the power to provoke "ecstasy."

What is the romantic sublime?

Edmund Burke's Philosophical Enquiry (1757) connected the sublime with experiences of awe, terror and danger. Burke saw nature as the most sublimeobject, capable of generating the strongest sensations in its beholders. ThisRomantic conception of the sublime proved influential for several generations of artists.

What is a sublime landscape?

19th Century Landscape – The Pastoral, the Picturesque and the Sublime. ... Three aesthetic concepts established during the Romantic era divided the natural world into categories: the Pastoral, the Picturesque, and the Sublime. The first two represent Nature as a comforting source of physical and spiritual sustenance.

What is a sublime experience?

The Sublime Experience. Sublime experiences, whether in nature or in art, inspire awe and reverence, and an emotional understanding that transcends rational thought and words or language.

Who is called the first romantic critic?

Sublimity, with its emphasis on natural expression and impulse, balanced astutely with skill and artifice, is something that sounds awfully like Romantic poetry and literature. It is therefore perfectly plausible to argue that Longinus was in fact the first Romantic critic

Is sublimity a word?

sublimity. ... When something is sublime, it transcends greatness or beauty for the observer — like a deeply moving film or a transcendent piece of music. So when something is truly wonderful, or someone acts in a truly noble way, it's an example ofsublimity. The Latin root, sublimis, means "uplifted, high, or exalted."

What is a sublime?

In common use, sublime is an adjective meaning "awe-inspiringly grand, excellent, or impressive," like the best chocolate fudge sundae you've ever had. You might describe a spine-tingling piece of music as "a work of sublime beauty.

What is the egotistical sublime?

egotistical sublime a phrase coined by Keats in a letter of 27 October 1818 to describe his version of Wordsworth's distinctive genius. "egotistical sublime

What are the Shakespeare top villains ?

Shakespeare created some of the most memorable evildoers in all of literature. Here are my picks for the most notorious:

1. Iago😈

Driven by an overpowering lust for evil rivaled only by Satan, Iago grabs the title as worst Shakespeare villain hands down. As the critic William Robertson Turnbull once pointed out, "Iago is an unbeliever in, and denier of, all things spiritual, who only acknowledges God, like Satan, to defy him" (Othello: A Critical Study 269). Please click here to read a full character analysis of Iago.

2. Richard III😎

The tyrannical, morally vacuous Richard III orders his own brother's execution and the murder of two innocent children because they are obstacles to his kingly ambition. Luckily, Richard's horrific acts come to an end when he is slain by Richmond at the battle of Bosworth Field.

3. Cornwall 😢

In King Lear, a play rife with heinous evildoers, Cornwall towers over them all. Infinitely greedy and exceptionally cruel, Cornwall schemes with his wife, Regan, and sister-in-law, Goneril, to torture Lear and Gloucester. Cornwall delights in gouging out Gloucester's eyes, exclaiming "Out, vile jelly!/Where is thy lustre now?" (7.3.85).

4. Aaron the Moor 😭

Among other vile crimes, Aaron the Moor, servant and lover to Tamora, masterminds the brutal rape of Titus Andronicus's daughter, Lavinia. When, at the end of the play, Titus's son Lucius decides that Aaron should be buried to the neck in sand and starved, Aaron, defiant to the end, tells Lucius that "If one good deed in all my life I did/I do repent it from my very soul" (5.3.188-9).

5. Edmund 😬😠😯😱

Resentful of his illegitimacy, the Earl of Gloucester's bastard son strives to destroy his brother and father to gain Gloucester's title and possessions. Successful in his evil plot to ruin Gloucester, he next plans to kill Cordelia and Lear so that he can rule Britain. Edmund's henchmen strangle Cordelia and Lear dies broken-hearted as a result of his daughter's murder. Please click here for a detailed look at Edmund.

The Tempest

Is Shakespeare's description of this storm technically accurate?

Yes, undoubtedly. On Shakespeare's description of the management of the ship in the storm the second Lord Mulgrave, a distinguished naval officer, says:

🌟The first scene of The Tempest is a very striking instance of the great accuracy of Shakespeare's knowledge in a professional science, the most difficult to attain without the help of experience. He must have acquired it by conversation with some of the most skilful seamen of that time.

What does Ariel do for Gonzalo?

He prevents Gonzalo from being killed while asleep by Antonio and Sebastian, by singing in his ear and waking him.

What is the dramatic purpose of this humorous scene?

To contrast with the tragic; it temporarily relieves the mental and emotional strain of the spectators of the drama. The final result is to make the tragedy more effective by means of contrast.

What task does Prospero impose upon Ferdinand?

The task of removing and repiling several thousand logs.

Compare the love scene of Miranda and Ferdinand with that of Romeo and Juliet; in what are they alike; how do they differ?

The love scenes of Miranda and Ferdinand and Romeo and Juliet are alike in that all four fall in love at first sight; that their fathers are enemies; that both girls are very young and childlike; that they profess their love at once. The scenes differ in that Miranda does not recognize her feeling for Ferdinand because she has never heard of such a thing as love; while Juliet recognizes her feeling for Romeo at once, — her mother has already discussed marriage with her. The love of Ferdinand and Miranda adds brightness and light to the play while that of Romeo and Juliet bursts forth with a passion which portends tragedy.

Why is there no real suspense in the play 'The Tempest'?

Firstly, "The Tempest" is an autobiographical play. Prospreo is a self-portrait. His abjuration of art is effectively Shakespeare's. Secondly, Shakespeare is bored writing drama, and may perhaps have preferred to have written this instead as a narrative poem. So there is no real suspense in the play.

List four elements the four romances have in common.

The four romances of Shakespeare include "Cymbeline", "The Winter's Tale", "Pericles" and the "Tempest". These romances were written at the end of Shakespeare's career. These plays have elements of comedy and tragedy. There are elements of magic and the fantastic in these plays. The most important element of these romances is the obsession with the concept of loss and recovery.

What do you know about Ferdinand?

Ferdinand is the son of the king of Naples, Alonso. He is drawn to Prospero and Miranda by Ariel's music. "He is gentle and not fearful." He falls in love with Miranda immediately.

Give as good a description as you can of Caliban.

Caliban has the body of a beast and the head of a deformed dwarf; he crawls upon all fours rather than walks upright. His passions are bestial, yet he sees the beauty in nature with a poet's mind.

Where is the scene of this drama placed?

Scene i is on board a ship at sea; the rest of the action is on Prospero's Island.

Can you give a reason why Shakespeare begins this play with a storm?

Because he wished to draw the enemies of Prospero to his island in an apparently natural manner. This storm was caused by Prospero. Scene ii, lines 194 to 208. Some commentators suggest that the storm was intended to recall the foul play by which Prospero was robbed of his dukedom. In the author's day the elements were supposed to be in very close sympathy with human joys and sorrows.

What do you learn about Ferdinand?

Ferdinand is a son of the storm-wrecked king; of "brave form"; is drawn to Prospero and Miranda by Ariel's music; "he is gentle and not fearful" (line 467); and falls in love with Miranda immediately.

🔲What expression of the Realistic, the Romantic, and the Supernatural does Shakespeare give in this act?

The conversation of the sailors, and the love between father and child are examples of Realism. Ariel's account of his part in the storm, and the bewitching of Ferdinand are examples of the Supernatural. The love of Ferdinand and Miranda for each other is an expression of Romance.

What was happening in Shakespeare's career when he wrote 'The Tempest'?

"The Tempest" is most likely the last play written entirely by Shakespeare in 1611. The forty-seven year old Shakespeare was purposely slowing down his professional theatre work to spend more time in his hometown of Stratford, tending to real estate and investments, seeing to the marriages of his daughters, and looking to a new phase of his life.

What two distinctions does 'The Tempest' have among Shakespeare's plays?

The Tempest" is most likely the last play written entirely by Shakespeare, and it is remarkable for being one of the only two plays by Shakespeare (the other being Love's Labor's Lost) whose plot is entirely original. The extraordinary flexibility of Shakespeare's stage is give particular prominence in "The Tempest".

What description of the island does Gonzalo give?

"Here is everything advantageous to life." "How lush and lusty the grass looks! how green!"

How does the action of the play progress in this act?

Ferdinand's labors are rewarded by the gift of Miranda's hand, while Caliban, Stefano, and Trinculo are punished.

How does the author bring Prospero to release his prisoners?

Prospero, through study and reflection, resolves to release his prisoners if they show penitence for the past.

What do you think of Prospero?

A matter of personal opinion. He is calm, dignified, and scholarly, typifying a gentleman.

How does he present Ferdinand to his father again?

Alonzo looks into Prospero's cell, discovering Ferdinand playing chess with Miranda; then Ferdinand tells his father of his engagement to Miranda.

Why is it not a good play to be acted?

Because of the difficulty of presenting the supernatural on the stage and its unreality.

What do you learn from the epilogue?

Various interpretations are given this speech. The actor who took the part of Prospero makes a speech in words which seem to apply to the play, but in reality plead for the friendly judgment of the audience.

Did the storm described in the first scene suggest the title of the play?

Yes, undoubtedly. I. As an actual tempest; actual, not in the sense of having really occurred, but of being conceived and portrayed as a real storm. II. As a metaphorical or allegorical tempest, representing the calamities and disasters of human life.

Why is Gonzalo sure that Boatswain will not die of drowning?

Gonzalo prognosticates that Boatswain is born to be hanged because he has hanging look in his features. Thus Gonzalo is sure that Boatswain will die of drowning in the storm. He will survive in order to be hanged later on.

What are the three things associated the Prospero's magical power?

Prospero's magic staff (Ariel and other spirits) and his books represent his power. With his magical power, he can alter weather, put on a dazzling wedding entertainment, bully his servants, manipulate his enemies, and orchestrate his daughter's marriage to the Prince of Naples.

Who is Miranda?

Miranda is the only female character to appear on stage in "The Tempest" by Shakespeare. She is the daughter of Prespero. She was banished to the Island along with her father at the age of three. In the subsequent twelve years she has lived with her father and their slave, Caliban. She falls in love with Ferdinand immediately.

Give a description of Caliban.

Caliban has the body of a beast and the head of a deformed dwarf; he crawls upon all fours rather than walks upright. His passions are bestial, yet he sees the beauty in nature with a poet's mind.

Why does Shakespeare begin this play with the description of a storm?

In ancient times, and in Shakespeare's day as well, the elements were supposed to be in very close sympathy with human joy and sorrow. It was believed that Nature, both animate and inanimate, was profoundly disturbed by impending disaster.

"Thou see'st the heavens, as troubled with man's act

Threaten his bloody stage.

The storm with which this play opens is intended to recall the foul play by which Prospero was robbed of his dukedom, and he and Miranda were heaved hence out of Milan, and to what was hoped by his enemies would be a cruel death. It is intended, also, to be a punishment upon the doers of that wicked deed.

What further dramatic function does the storm now have?

It gives Prospero an opportunity to relate to Miranda all the circumstances which have caused her and himself to be in this island. These circumstances are the causes of the action of this drama. It is necessary the spectators of the drama should be thoroughly informed of them. The dramatic purpose of this recital of them is to convey to the spectators that necessary information.

What does Prospero's mantle symbolize?

His power as a magician. His art by means of which he controls nature and spirits.

Why does he lay his mantle aside when he begins to relate to Miranda the circumstances of their previous lives?

Because he temporarily ceases to exercise his function as the Enchanter, the Magician, which is his function in this drama, and assumes his other character - viz., that of her Father, the Duke of Milan.

What is the dramatic purpose of the quarrel between Prospero and Ariel?

To give Prospero an opportunity, when chiding Ariel, to inform the spectators of the drama of Ariel's history, which information it is absolutely necessary they should have in order to appreciate Ariel's part in the action of the drama. II. To give an opportunity for the revelation of the characters of Prospero and Ariel.

Who is Sycorax?

The witch Sycorax, whom Prospero refers to as "blue-eyed hag" is the mother of Caliban. She was born and banished from Argier (the older form of Algiers). She is mentioned in 1.2 and 5.1. Ariel was her servant but punished him for disobedience (Ariel was "too delicate/To act her earthy and abhorr'd commands"), trapping him in a cloven pine for a dozen years, during which time she died.

Sycorax's use of magic for evil purposes is in sharp contrast to Prospero's use of magic for good.

Who is sycorax and why does she lock Ariel in a tree for 12 years?

Sycorax is a vicious and powerful witch, and the mother of Caliban. She locks Ariel in a "cloven pine". Ariel is left in the "cloven pine" for 12 years because the old witch, Sycorax, dies in the meantime.

Who is the most eloquent character in the play 'The Tempest'?

Caliban speaks some of the most beautiful and eloquent poetry of the play. Caliban's first words on stage are a raucous curse and a loud accusation: "This island's mine....which thou tak'st from me." If Caliban represents raw, unchecked instinct, he also represents one of the most eloquent voices in the play.

Interpret "Good wombs have borne bad sons."

This line is spoken by Miranda when her father Prospero asks her if Antonia can be called a brother. She says that it would be wrong for me to think poorly of my grandmother because good women sometimes give birth to bad sons.

What has Shakespeare accomplished in Act I of The Tempest?

He has introduced every important character in the drama, and given all necessary information about them. II.He has described in detail all the causes of the action of this drama. III. He has foreshadowed that action: a. Prospero's retribution (cf . I. 2. 177-184); b. The love affair of Ferdinand and Miranda.

Who is Claribel? What dramatic purpose is attained by the references to Claribel?

Claribel is the daughter of the King of Naples. Her marriage was the indirect cause of the disasters which have happened to Alonso and his friends (cf. II. 1. 102-130). To give the spectators this information, which is so necessary to an intelligent appreciation of the plot, is the reason of this reference to her.

In what way does Caliban manifest his mental and moral degradation?

By ingratitude toward Prospero. II. By his choice of the degraded and drunken Stephano as master, in preference to Prospero. His mind sympathizes with his ugly body. Cf. lines 190, 191; V. 1. 290.

Why does Shakespeare introduce here the game of chess?

At the time this play was written chess was very popular in Naples, of which place Ferdinand was a prince. With this fact Shakespeare was doubtless familiar. It probably suggested to him the use of the game in this play.

Of what is he the personification?

Primarily, of Wisdom. Secondarily, of the Power that can execute justice; rewarding the Right, punishing and circumventing the Wrong; and in so doing can use as his ministers supernatural beings and Nature.

What is the nature and function of Ariel? Why is he invisible to every one in the play except Prospero?

Fire. He is moody. Prospero calls him malignant thing. His function in the drama is to represent the intellectual, the spiritual, and to execute Prospero's commands. He is the link between earth and the higher and better world. He is invisible because he is the executant of Prospero's orders. If he were visible, it might interfere with that work.

In The Tempest and A Midsummer Night's Dream Shakespeare portrays man in connection with the supernatural. What is the principal difference between the plays so far as they relate to this subject?

It is accurately summarised by Victor Hugo as follows "A Midsummer Night's Dream depicts the action of the invisible world on man; The Tempest symbolizes the action of man on the invisible world."

Who was in charge of the ship during the storm at sea?

The Ship–master was in charge of the Boatswain and the mariners.

Why did Alonso, the king, interfere with the Boatswain’s work in securing the ship during the storm?

The king was accustomed to being the supreme authority.

Where did the Boatswain tell the king and his courtiers to go?

The Boatswain told the king and his courtiers to go to their cabins below.

Who were the first to go to their cabins below the top deck?

Alonso, the king, and Ferdinand, the prince, were the first to go below and pray.

What joke does Gonzalo tell concerning the Boatswain?

Gonzalo’s joke implies that the Boatswain was born to be hanged and need not fear drowning.

Why doesn't Alonso believe his son might still believe?

Alonso is so depressed that he doesn't even want to believe his son Ferdinand is still alive. Twelve years ago, he helped Antonio usurp the Dukedom of Milan from his brother Prospero. He thinks the death of his son is the result of this mean act.

Why does Ariel put everyone but Antonio and Sebastian to sleep?

Ariel's music quickly charms all but Antonio and Sebastian to sleep so that Antonio can persuade Sebastian to kill his sleeping brother, Alonso. Antonio argues that Ferdinand is surely drowned, and the Claribel, the next heir, is too far away to make an effective claim. Thus by murdering his brother, he would become the King of Naples.

What is the origin of 'Setebos', the name of Sycorax's god?

Setebos, the deity purportedly worshiped by the witch Sycoras, was originally the god of Pantagonians. He was explicitly mentioned in Pigafetta's journal, which was also carried forth into Eden's book, and picked up by Shakespeare.

How does this joke affect the rest of the passengers and crew?

If the Boatswain does not drown, the rest of the passengers and crew will also be spared.

How do Sebastian and Antonio react to the Boatswain?

Sebastian and Antonio curse the Boatswain and call him names.

How does the Boatswain respond to Sebastian’s and Antonio’s insulting remarks?

The Boatswain responds with “work you then” if they don’t like the way he is handling the job.

How does Antonio decide to die in the storm at sea?

Antonio wants to sink into the sea with the king.

How loyal is Sebastian to his brother, the king?

Sebastian wants to leave the king when he thinks the ship is sinking.

Why does Miranda ask her father to calm the storm at sea?

Miranda knows that he has raised the tempest with his magic and he also has the power to calm the storm.

How does Prospero comfort Miranda’s fears about the suffering people on the ship?

Prospero tells Miranda that there has been “no harm done.”

Does Miranda remember anything about her life before she came to the island?

Miranda remembers that several women waited on her in Milan.

How old was Miranda when they arrived on the island?

Miranda was not yet three when they arrived on the island.

In what way did Antonio dispose of Prospero and Miranda after he had usurped his dukedom?

Prospero and Miranda were put on a “rotten carcass of a butt” without a sail and left on the sea to drown.

Why did Antonio spare the lives of Prospero and Miranda?

Prospero was well loved by his people and Antonio wanted to stay in their good graces as the new Duke of Milan.

Why did Antonio put Prospero and Miranda on an old boat without a sail?

Antonio wanted their deaths to look like an accident.

Where did Prospero and Miranda get their supplies for the island?

Gonzalo, the king’s councilor, felt sorry for them, stocking their leaky vessel with water, food, clothing, and Prospero’s books.

Why did Prospero raise the storm at sea with his magic?

It had been his good fortune to have his enemies arrive off the shore of the island, and this was his chance to regain his dukedom.

How long had Prospero and Miranda lived on the island?

Prospero and Miranda had lived on the island for the past 12 years.

She Stoops to Conquer Short Questions

Is it a Laughing Comedy in protest of Sentimental Comedy?
When the play was first produced, it was discussed as an example of the revival of laughing comedy over the sentimental comedy . Truly speaking it is a comic laughing comedy in celebration of fun, frolic and humour .The affectation of sentimentalism and moralization is altogether omitted here. 

How is She Stoops to Conquer a Comedy of Manners? 
The play can also be seen as a comedy of manners, where, set in a polite society, the comedy arises from the gap between the characters' attempts to preserve standards of polite behaviour that contrasts to their true behaviour.

How is She Stoops to Conquer A Romantic Comedy?
it also seen by some critics as a romantic comedy, which depicts how seriously young people take love, and how foolishly it makes them behave (similar to Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream); in She Stoops to Conquer, Kate’s stooping and Marlow’s nervousness are good examples of romantic comedy. 

Write a short note on humour as used in She Stoops to Conquer?
Oliver Goldsmith‘s She Stoops to Conquer is one of the most hilarious comedies produced on the English stage. Here is profusion of pure fun and humour. Humour in the play is mainly derived from three sources- comic situations, comic characters and comic dialogues. If there are mistaken
identities or situation, there are incompatible comic personae with the sting of verbal wit.

How is She Stoops to Conquer A Satire?
She Stoops to Conquer can also be seen as a soft satire, where characters are presented as either ludicrous or eccentric. Such a comedy might leave the impression that the characters are either too foolish or corrupt to ever reform. Through farcical humour, Goldsmith ridicules the craze for fashion in Mrs Hardcastle, spoiled child in Tony Lumpkin, duel personality in Marlow, the class-consciousness of the English society in several stooping etc.

Critically comments on the Title of the play and its source.
The title refers to Kate's ruse of pretending to be a barmaid to reach her goal. It originates in the poetry of Dryden, which Goldsmith may have seen misquoted by Lord Chesterfield. In Chesterfield's version, the lines in question read: "The prostrate lover, when he lowest lies, But stoops to conquer, and but kneels to rise." 

What kind of stooping do you find in She Stoops to Conquer?
As the title indicates the play revolves around several stooping made by the various characters. Marlow stoops physically to win the heart of Kate .While Kate stoops socially to win the heart of Marlow. Both Hastings and Neville, on the other hand, have moral stooping end route their love and marriage. 

Critically comment on the subtitle of the play? 
The alternative title of the play Mistakes of the Night refers to the several mistakes that Marlow committed during a single night. It also illustrates that the unity of time is carefully observed in the play. With all of the events occurring in a single night, the plot becomes far more stimulating too. 

Comment on the improbability in She Stoops to Conquer. 
In the play She Stoops to Conquer all the mistakes and all funny things including three hours delusory journey of Mrs. Hardcastle round and round the garden take place in a single night which violates probability of time. Even the misconception identities of different characters are also seemingly impractical. 

What are the different views on fashion of Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle?
Mrs. Hardcastle hates whatever old she finds and often shows madness of London trips. She wishes to shun off old fashioned trumpery, while her husband is passionate after olds. Old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wines, military metaphors and his old wife are indeed the fashionable world for Mr. Hardcastle. 

Write a character sketch of Mr. Hardcastle?
Mr. Hardcastle is a replica of Dr. Primrose of The Vicar of The Wakefield. He is an old fashioned patriarch who rules over his family with a nice deal of leniency who always inculcates on his family the lessons of simplicity and the solid virtue of good old times. He is a loving friend and a patient host too. He is indeed a pen portrait of the English gentleman. 

Give acquaintance with the following characters in She Stoops to Conquer: Bridget, Bet Bouncer .
these are the minor characters in the play .Bridget is the maid servant in Mr. Hardcastle’s house. While Bet Bouncer is the country girl with whom Tony has a love affair. Tony loves her dearly and for this he dislikes Miss Neville, the lady of his mother’s choice for his marriage. 

Describe the reception of Marlow and Hastings by Mr. Hardcastle.
When the two guests, Marlow and Hastings finally appear, Mr. Hardcastle pays a grand cordial reception. He acts friendly and frankly manner. He tells them his house a liberty hall and always he is on behest of them. He talks too much to meet every attention. 

“One hope remains….” Mr Woodward speaks of in the prologue to She Stoops to Conquer. Which of the hope remained according to him? 
According to Mr. Woodward the comic muse Thalia is in death-bed and is awaiting death in the hands of sentimental comedy. Yet, there is one hope because one doctor named goldsmith has produce a true comedy with the essence of laughter. Mr. Woodward thinks that goldsmith’s five act drama She Stoops to Conquer must be a successful antidote. 

 How is Mr. Colman, Dr. Johnson, Mr. Woodward and David Garrick associated with Goldsmith’s play?  
Mr. Colman, whose full name is George Colman, was the manager of the Convent Garden Theater where She Stoops to Conquer was staged for the first time.  Dr. Johnson, renowned critic and a common friend of goldsmith and David Garrick, is a man of Goldsmith’s earnest admiration to whom Goldsmith dedicates his play, She Stoops to Conquer .  Mr. Woodward, another friend of Dr. Johnson and Goldsmith and a popular stage actor, reads the prologue to She Stoops to Conquer written by David Garrick. 

Why Tony Lumpkin is o importants a character in She Stoops to Conquer ? Ans: Tony is the pivotal point, the main spring of action in the play. Vivid and vibrant as well as well individualized and dramatized such a character cuts jokes, plays pranks, pokes fun and evokes loud laughter. So to cut Tony from the play what remains is anything but not Oliver Goldsmith‘s She Stoops to Conquer. 

 “zounds, man! We could as soon find out the longitude”…who says this’ to whom, and, when does he say so?
Here Marlow says this to Tony Lumpkin when the latter gives a confusing road direction to Marlow and Hastings to the house of Mr. Hardcastle like Lorenzo to his father in Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of the Venice. Such a confusing location and windy way is difficult to locate and is as difficult as finding out the middle of the earth, the longitude.

Compare the rivals in "She Stoops to Conquer? 
Marlow and Hastings are both "unsuitable suitors" but in different ways. Marlow is the more honest of the two but incurably bashful and awkward around women. His good looks and scholarly bent don't tempt Kate because she considers he has the makings of a jealous husband. Hastings, the more jovial and colorful character of the two, has more posh and charm but lacks the moral virtues of his friend. He is willing to resort to deceit if it means he can get his lady.

Critically justify the title She Stoops to Conquer. 
The title of Goldsmith’s drama refers to the "stooping down" of Kate Hardcastle from her position in high society to the position as a barmaid and then of poor relation . She does this in order to test the feelings of Marlow, to make sure that he loves her for herself and not for her money. In the end, she gets what she wants, and proves a point. She learns that Marlow's feelings are genuine and demonstrates that love is not controlled by social position. By "stooping down", she conquered society.

Is it a Laughing Comedy in protest of Sentimental Comedy? 
When the play was first produced, it was discussed as an example of the revival of laughing comedy over the sentimental comedy . Truly speaking it is a comic laughing comedy or ‘pure comedy’ (as Goldsmith calls it)in celebration of fun, frolic and humour .The affectation of sentimentalism, pathos and moralization is altogether omitted here. In the prologue Goldsmith has attacked sentimental comedy –“on the mawkish drab of spurious breed who deals in sentiments”.

How is She Stoops to Conquer a Comedy of Manners? 
The play can also be seen as a comedy of manners, where, set in a polite society, the comedy arises from the gap between the characters' attempts to preserve standards of polite behaviour that contrasts to their true behaviour. It satirizes the manners and affectations of social class( Especially upper class as pretentiously represented by Mrs. Hardcastle), duality in character( as seen in Marlow). 

How is She Stoops to Conquer A Romantic Comedy? 
it also seen by some critics as a romantic comedy, which depicts how seriously young people take love, and how foolishly it makes them behave (similar to Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream); in She Stoops to Conquer, Kate’s stooping and Marlow’s nervousness are good examples of romantic comedy....

Why is Tony Lumpkin an important character in She Stoops to Conquer? 
Tony Lumpkin is a character who is important in this play for two reasons. Firstly, he is connected to the important theme of truth and falsehood, which is linked to the theme of appearances and reality. It is he who tells the lie to Marlow and Hastings that makes them believe that the residence of Mr. Hardcastle is actually an inn and that Mr. Hardcastle himself is a member of the working class with pretensions to rise above his station in society. At the same time, he is also introduced in a way that draws a distinction between the way characters are perceived and the actual reality, as the very differing opinions of him that his mother and Mr. Hardcastle
have demonstrate. As such, he could be said to be something of a parallel to Marlow, who likewise attracts very different opinions of his character

What is the structure of the play She Stoops to Conquer? 
She Stoops to Conquer is a play that was written in the 18th century and in still performed today. It is a great comedy and still has relevance in this day and age. The structure of the play is entertaining and easy to understand. It moves along at a fast pace and the audience is held captive throughout the entire play. 

Define She Stoops to Conquer as A Romantic Comedy? 
She Stoops to Conquer is the epitome of a romantic comedy, as it illustrates the foolishness of young love, and the seriousness with which it is taken.

How does Charles Marlow define himself? 
Sir Charles would define himself as a gentleman of good breeding. He is an aristocrat and is both respected and respectful

Should Charles Marlow honor his father and social class in his choice of a bride? 
Young Marlow is expected to marry according to the wishes of his family. In my opinion, marriage to Kate would be possible if it was presented the right way. Thus, Marlow's incapability to express or expose his love for a woman outside of his class makes it impossible. Arranged marriages were the norm, but there were exceptions.

What is the significance of the alehouse in whole book? 
Goldsmith uses the alehouse as a central place to explore much larger strutural ideas as character, theme, and environment. 

Write on the significance of the Garden scene? 
The scene shifts back to the house.Here, Sir Charles laments his situation to Kate: either his son is a liar or is an impudent fellow. Kate suggests it might not be so bad, and the man retires so as to observe the meeting between the young people. The garden is of course a natural element where nature is taking its course. Gardens are also a great place to eavesdrop on conversations.

Cite an incident in the play that is a source of humor. 
one of the funniest incidents occurs when Tony takes Constance's jewels. After they're taken, Constance asks mrs. Hardcastle is she can wear them one evening..... Mrs. Hardcastle, of course, refuses and tells Constance they're lost. The humor in this scene occurs when Mrs. Hardcastle discovers they are really lost.

What is the problem with Mr.Charles Marlowe recognizing Hastings when he will come to Mr.Hardcastle`s house? 
Hastings and Constance enter, bringing news that Charles Marlow (father of our young hero) is expected to visit the house that evening. Since he would surely recognize Hastings and thereby ruin the plan for elopement, the lovers know they must move with speed.

Why does Tony asks his mother to pretend that the jewels have been stolen? 
Tony has stolen the jewels, but Constance doesn't know and continues to beg her aunt for them. Tony convinces Mrs. Hardcastle to pretend they were stolen to dissuade Constance (from begging all the time), a plea she willingly accepts until she realizes they have actually been stolen.

Whom do you call the hero of the play? 
Marlow, Ostensibly the hero of a play. A respectable fellow who comes to Hardcastle's home to meet Kate Hardcastle. Possessed of a strange contradictory character, wherein he is mortified to speak to any "modest" woman, but is lively and excitable in conversation with barmaids or other low-class women.

What is Mrs. Hardcastle's complaint with her husband? 
They do not travel to town now and then.

What does Mrs. Hardcastle say their mansion looks like? 
An inn.

What is Mr. Hardcastle's response to Mrs. Hardcastle's complaining that he only likes old things. 
He says she will have to own that he is pretty fond of an old wife.

The Merchant of Venice Short Questions

What causes do Salerio and Solanio suggest for Antonio’s melancholy? 
Salerio and Solanio think Antonio is distracted because his money is tied up in his ships, which are sailing on dangerous seas. When he denies this suggestion, Solanio guesses that he’s in love, an answer Antonio also rejects.

What humorous advice does Gratiano offer Antonio?
Gratiano tells Antonio not to be so grave about worldly affairs, but rather “With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come.Why should a man whose blood is warm within/ Sit like his grandsire…/…And creep into the jaundice/ By being peevish?” In other words, he suggests Antonio is acting old before his time.

Who was shylock and where did he live?
Shylock,the Jew lived at venice,he was an usurer who had amassed an immense fortune by lending money at great interest to christian merchants.

How do the so-called wise people act and whats their purpose accordind to Gratiano? According to Gratiano, wise men are silent and stern. They're only considered wise because they don't say anything.

Who was Bassanio? 
the friend of Antonio who borrows three thousand ducats from him. He is also the suitor to Portia who chooses the correct casket and marries her.

What is Antonio actual Cause of Sadness?
In Act I, Scene 1, we are told that even Antonio doesn't know why he's feeling sad. Everyone assumes he's worried about the safety of his ships, but he claims the ships are not the reason for his depression. 

Why was Portia in a pensiv mood during the selection of her husband?
Portia did not all together want a husband. She also was weary of having her husband chosen by her father's casket game.

Who are tubal and Chus? 
Tubal and Chus are Lorenzo's Jewish friends.and Tubal is one of Shylock's good friends and Chus is among his fellow jews (countrymen).

What is Gratiano's philosophy to overcome sadness? 
Gratiano is telling Antonio to "chill out" and have some fun. He says it is better to get laugh lines all over his face than wrinkles from worrying. He would rather overload his liver with alcohol that deny himself a good time: With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come. And let my liver rather heat with wine Than my heart cool with mortifying groans.

In the story Merchant of V•enice (Act3, Scene2), what was written in the letter that made Bassanio turn pale? Who had written the letter? 
In Act III, Salerio hands Bassanio a letter from Antonio. Bassanio turns pale at the news that Antonio has lost his fortune and his ships, and he asks Salerio if it is true that all of Antonio's ventures have failed.

What are the most important themes of the play 'Merchant of Venice'?
Some of the different themes in this play are love, hatred, mercy, and prejudice.

Describe Caskets trial about Prince of Morocco and Prince of Aragon ? 
The Prince of Morocco first chooses gold and gets a death skull. The Prince of Aragon receives the picture of an idiot. This is symbolic, for he is an old man and hence is an idiot for thinking himself deserving of a young woman.

In which way does Shakespeare portray Portia's generous nature? 
Portia has a good idea what she is going to do before the trial of Shylock. She gives Shylock the chance to concede his bond on Antonio before disaster befalls him. She offers Shylock compensation for loan but Shylock refuses.

How does Portia show that she is intelligent and has good management skill ?
Portia and Nerissa, worried about their new husbands, tell Lorenzo that they are going to stay at a local monastery for a few days in order to pray. After Lorenzo and Jessica leave, Portia sends her servant Balthasar to her cousin Doctor Bellario with instructions that Balthasar should bring anything Bellario gives him to Venice. Portia then informs Nerissa that they are going to dress up as men and go to Venice in order to help their husbands.

What is Antony concerned about at the beginning of the play?
His melancholy. 

What does Salarino think Antonio's sadness is about?
Worry over his ships. 

Why is Antonio not worried about his wealth at the beginning of the play? 
His wares are on more than one ship. 

What does Solanio think Antonio's sadness is about?
Love.

How is Bassanio related to Antonio? 
Bassanio is his cousin.

What does Antonio compare life on this earth to?
A staged play.

King Lear Short Questions

Why is Edmund jealous of his brother? 

1) He is jealous of all the attention Edgar receives from their father. 

2) He is jealous because his brother is a true son, and he himself is a bastard. 

Who is blind cupid according to Lear?why is he blind? 

Gloucester is blind cupid, he is blinded by Cornwall because of his part in sending Lear to Dover, and the letter he had in his possession about a movement to avenge the King. 

What does it means "I am a man more sinned against than sinning" 

It means that people have done him wrong and that he does less wrong against others than has been done to him. 

Distinguish between King Lear's real madness and Edgar's simulated madness? 

Lear unlike Edmund suffers a natural loss of sanity while edmund simulates his madness for survival . 

who kills the Duke of Cornwall? 

He is killed by a servant who's murdered afterwards 

Name the Goneril's servant? 

His name is Oswald, and he is evil.  

Who stays with king lear during the storm? 

Both Kent and the Fool refuse to leave the King during the storm. They loyally stay with him. 

What city is invaded~by the King of France? 

Thr King of France invades the city of Dover. 

What is the significance of earl of Gloucester blindness? 

Gloucester's blinding in the play represents his emotional blindness towards his two sons, Edgar and Edmund. The running irony in Lear is that men only see the truth after they have been physically blinded. It is only after Gloucester's blindness that he really sees the true nature of his sons and which son actually loved him. 

How is Kent different from Oswald? 

Both these guys are servants and loyal in their own ways. Kent is really the personification of loyalty. Even after Lear banishes him Kent sneaks back in disguise so he can keep serving Lear. Oswald serves Goneril but is slimier than Kent. While Kent represents a wholesome loyalty, Oswald isn't afraid to cheat and lie for Goneril. Oswald also has his selfinterest that he works for. I don't think Kent has any self-interest other then helping his King. 

Why are cornwall and Edmund drawn together? 

Cornwall and Edmund seem drawn to each other because both want power and do not hesitate to acquire it, even if they make others suffer as a consequence. 

How are we to account for Cordelia's answer?  

Her love was deep, honest, real. Such love does not parade itself. A fine nature never makes a show of itself.  

How would you describe the character of Kent?  

Kent possesses all the fine traits which make a man noble. Self-sacrifice, loyalty, faithfulness and goodness are developed to a high degree in his character.  

How has the kingdom prospered under Albany and Cornwall?  

It has not prospered. Albany and Cornwall are quarreling; a French army is about to invade this "scattered kingdom."  

What is the dramatic effect of the storm?  

It increases the sympathy for Lear.  

Is Edgar really mad? 

If not, how do you account for his actions and words?  No. He feigns madness to preserve his life.  

How is the King's mind affected?  

He becomes insane.  

What is the dramatic effect of the meeting of Gloucester and Edgar?  

It adds pathos and increases the interest and sympathy in the action.  

Describe the Dover Cliff incident?  

Gloucester determines to commit suicide by throwing himself over the Dover Cliff. He meets Edgar and not recognizing his son, asks him to lead the way to the Cliff. Edgar divines his father's intention and leads him across a field, but pretends they are climbing a steep hill. They finally stop and Edgar tells his father they are within a foot of the edge of a great precipice. Gloucester gives Edgar money and tells him to go away; he then throws himself forward. Edgar, who has thought of this deceit to cure his father of his wish to die, now comes forward as another person who had seen the fall. Gloucester is persuaded that he did fall. Since he was not killed he decides to live and bear his affliction.  

How does Albany learn of the treachery of his wife and Edmund?  

By means of the letter which Edgar gives him in Scene i.  

Do you find any difference in character between Regan and Goneril?  

Goneril seems to be more resourceful in wickedness; she plans and proposes while Regan only seconds the propositions of her sister. Regan is afraid of Goneril; Goneril is afraid of no one. Goneril offers herself to Edmund while her husband is still alive; Regan makes no advances to Edmund until after her husband's death. Goneril agrees to the murder of Cordelia, poisons Regan, and attempts to kill her husband. She seems more wicked than Regan.  

In what form does Poetic Justice manifest itself in the cases of Lear and Gloucester?  Poetic Justice manifests itself in the case of Lear, in the realization of his misplaced confidence, and in his and Cordelia's death; in the case of Gloucester, in the realization of his misplaced confidence, his cruel harshness, and in the loss of his eyes.  

Describe Major Themes Of King Lear? 

The major themes in the play are: 

Justice “Cosmic justice is denied, yet human justice prevails in the play King Lear” 

Family “The relationship between parents and children is unrealistically portrayed in the play King Lear” 

Loyalty (&/or Betrayal) “It is only the loyalty of loved ones that enables Lear and Gloucester to endure their sufferings” 

Blindness “The theme of blindness – both physical and emotional – is dramatically presented in the play King Lear” 

Appearance vs Reality (Deception/Manipulation) “In King Lear, whilst characters are initially fooled by appearances, they gradually come to see the truth” 

Madness “In King Lear, ‘sane’ characters frequently behave in a crazy manner, whilst ‘mad’ characters at times seem perfectly sane” 

Love “Love as a redemptive force is a major theme in the play King Lear” “The play King Lear memorably explores the meaning of love“ 

Good and Evil “King Lear examines the nature of good and evil but neither force emerges triumphant” Suffering 

Learning through suffering is central to the play” Forgiveness “The importance of self-knowledge and forgiveness is strikingly evident in the play King Lear” Kingship “The play King Lear explores what it means to be a good King” 

When was King Lear first performed?  

The first recorded performance of the play was on December 26, 1606, before James I at Whitehall Palace.  

Who are the two nobles in the opening scene and what are they talking about? 

The two nobles in the opening scene are Earl of Kent and Earl of Gloucester and they are talking about their mistaken view of King Lear prefering Duke of Albany over Duke of Cornwall who are his first and second daughters, that is, Goneril and Regan, husbands respectively. They realise that the King's division of his Kingdom lacks favortism so upon the arrival of Edmund, Gloucester's illegitimate son, who gains favour in his father's and acquaintance's eyes. Also,Gloucester speaks positively of both his sons which seemingly cherishes and love without favour which is an element unique to his character unlike other characters in the Shakespeare Plays. 

What does Old King Lear plan to do with his kingdom? 

What is the test that he proposes to the daughters? Old King Lear plans to split his Kingdom equally among his three daughters BUT he wanted to offer majority of it to the daughter who was able to convince him of their love toward him which would be considered far more superior to the other. 

How do each of the first two daughters answer the old man? 

The first two daughters answered the old man with sweet sounding words which were full of fluff and flattery. For example- Goneril "Sir, I love you more than word can weild the matter" and Regan " And find I am alone felicitate in your dear Highness's love" 

What is Cordelia's answer and why does she answer as she does? 

What does her reference to "nothing" suggest about the use of this motif in the rest of the play? 

Cordelia's answer is Nothing and she answers the way she does because of the flattery displayed by her sisters and her inability to transfer her feelings into words. As seen when she states, “heave her heart into her mouth,” that she loves him exactly as much as a daughter should love her father. Her reference to "nothing" suggest about the use of this motif in the rest of the play is that it reflects how the actions taken by some of the characters such as Cordelia and Edmund is based on nothing, their actions simply mistaken by its viewers. 

Do you think that Cordelia is being cruel in refusing to play her father's game? 

Why? 

I do not think that Cordelia was bieng cruel in refusing to play her father's game because she is an individual unable to profess her feelings openly but uses her actions which was expected to speak louder than her words. 

How does Lear react to Cordelia's response? 

How does Lord Kent react to Lear's response? King Lear obviously became infuriated by Cordelia's response since he disowned her and splitted her share between her sisters. Lord Kent reacts to Lear's response by not conforming to his usual norm but rather questioning the King's judgement and wisdom along with ridiculling him for being unable to see through the flattery of Goneril and Regan's speech and acknowledge the daughter that loved him the most bieng Cordelia whom was bieng punished for bieng honest. 

How might the references to sight and blindness become important for the rest of the play? 

The references to sight and blindness became important for the rest of the play since the physical blindness of Gloucester symbolizes the metaphorical blindness that cripples both Gloucester and Lear who are fathers. The similarities between the two men are apparent for they both have loyal children and disloyal children, both are blind to the truth, and both end up banishing the loyal children and making the wicked one(s) their heir(s). Only when Gloucester has lost the use of his eyes and Lear has gone mad does each realize his tremendous error because their blindness to the truth about their children has cost them dearly. 

How do France and Burgandy each react to the news that Cordelia will not receive any dower and what does their reaction tell us about their characters? 

 France's and Burgandy's reaction to the news that Cordelia will not recieve any dower was quite different. For Burgandy bieng the first to respond states his displeasure with the Lear's decision and eagerly backs out of the fight for Lear's approval. This reaction tells us that Burgandy was only concerned about his inheritance through marriage relation rather than actually loving Cordelia. While France unexpected response is completely opposite to that of his opponent which is his willingness to accept her because he loved her and not her dower. France's reaction tells us that his feelings toward Cordelia were indeed genuine. 

What does Cordelia mean when she says to her sisters, "I know you what you are." What do the sisters say about their father near the end of the scene? 

Cordelia means when she says to her sisters, "I know you what you are" that she figured out that her sisters conniving behaviour was the surface of their plot to dethrone the King. The sisters near the end of the scene talk about their fathers illness and age which is the root cause of his inability to judge accurately as he once did.  

What parallels do you see between this scene and the first one? 

The parallels that I see between this scene and the first one is Cordelia and Edmund who are both unable to openly express their feelings. While on the other hand, Lear and Gloucester who are unable to see and judge the actions of their children. 

Why does Kent wish to serve Lear? 

What does he discern in Lear's countenance and how is this ironic? Kent wishes to serve Lear because he respects him and only wants to guide him to see what is going on around him. He discerns in Lear's countenance is respect and acceptance. This is ironic since Lear punished him for expressing his beliefs openly which were contradictory to that of his superior. 

What is the Fool's function in this part of the play and what are at least three examples of how he fulfills this function? 

The fool's function in this part of the play is to foolishly enlightening the King while ridiculing his judgements. Three examples of how he fulfills this function are: " If a man's brains were in's heels, were't not in danger of kibes?", "Why to put's heads in, not to give it away to his daughters, and leave his horns without a case" and "If thou wet my fool nuncle, I'ld have thee beaten for bieng old before thy time." 

How does Edmund trick his brother Edgar into fleeing? 

Edmund tricks his brother Edgar into fleeing by convincing him that Cornwall was angry with him for being on Albany's side of their "disagreement" and that it would be beneficial for him to leave his hiding place because Cornwall knew of it. 

How might Kent's line "Nothing almost seems miracles/But misery" serve as a motto for the play? 

Kent's line "Nothing almost seems miracles/But misery" serves as a motto for the play because it shows on doing no wrong one is still punished. 

What is Regan's first response when Lear complains of his treatment at the hands of her sister? 

Regan's first reponse when Lear complains of his treatment at the hands of her sister is that her sister is merely performing her duty and should not be blamed. 

When King Lear announces that he is retiring, what does he want to do with his lands? 

Divide them equally amongst his daughters. 

When Cordelia refuses to profess her undying love for her father (the King), what does her father do? 

Her father disowns her. 

What is the name of the person who stands up for Cordelia when her father disinherits her? 

Kent. 

Which man marries Cordelia even though she doesn't have a dowry? 

The King of France. 

What does the storm in Act 3 symbolize? 

The storm powerfully symbolizes the chaos in Lear’s mind: the violent tumult in the natural world reflects Lear’s inner turmoil. But the storm also provides an example of the power of nature, from which not even a king is safe. Even as he challenges the storm, Lear recognizes his own mortality and human frailty—perhaps for the first time. The storm may also be a reference to the idea of divine justice, since tempests and thunder have been viewed in both Christian and pagan traditions as a demonstration of divine anger or power. Thus, the storm seems both to point out the weakness of Lear’s royal power in the face of nature’s supremacy and to imply that the gods are angry at the state of human affairs. Such anger is likely directed not only at Lear’s enemies for their ruthless and cruel ambition but also at Lear for his initial callous treatment of Cordelia. 

What role do women play in King Lear? 

The female characters in King Lear are powerful figures who are often as aggressive as, and at times more ruthless than, their male counterparts. Cordelia, who is pure, unselfish, and  loyal, is a more standard Shakespearean woman than her strong, assertive, conspiratorial, violent, and regal sisters, Goneril and Regan. While the older sisters are clearly very different in personality from the youngest, and while Goneril and Regan are clearly villains, all three daughters resemble their father.  

Explain the roles of king Lear in the play King Lear by William .

Shakespeare Lear is an  old king, he originally divides the kingdom among his three daughters but ends up refusing it to Cordelia as she will not flatter him like her sisters. He banishes her, though regretting this action once living with Regan and Goneril who are ungrateful and treat him horribly. He escapes to the woods and encounters poor Tom, a madman, with whom he sympathizes. He wishes to reduce himself to essential man. He then goes mad. Kent and Gloucester help him to Dover where he is reunited with Cordelia. They lead the battle with France against Albany and Edmund, but lose and Cordelia and Lear are taken prisoner. After Cordelia's death, Lear grieves and dies. 

What does Kent give the knight to show Cordelia in Act 3? 

Kent gives the knight a his purse and ring which to be shown to Cordelia if he sees her in his mission. 

Why does Edgar fool his father at Dover in King Lear? 

Edgar wants his father to stop trying to kill himself. Edgar takes advantage of his father's blindness and makes him believe that he is on a high cliff. Gloucester thinks he is jumping off a cliff but it is really like two feet. Edgar puts on a different accent and comes to Edgar's aid. He tells him that he had jumped of a cliff and the Gods have miraculously saved him. Edgar wants his father to think the Gods favor him so he will stop trying to end his life. 

What is the role of the fool in Act 1? 

The hired court Fool, he attends Lear regularly and points out the truths which are missed or ignored. Upset by Cordelia's banishment, he ridicules Lear for being foolish enough to banish the good daughter and trust the evil ones. He further mocks his decision to give up his authority so fully. 

Can Cordelia be blamed for whatever happens to her? 

Cordelia cannot be blamed for her honesty. Unlike her sisters, she refused to embellish and lie when her father put love to the test. Lear's pride required stroking.and Cordelia's love for him was true and solid. Her words were truthful and genuine. Unfortunately, her father didn't want the truth and embraced her sisters ,extravagant lies over her simple, pure love. 

How does lear change when he regains his sanity? 

Lear feels "out of it". Lear wakes and Cordelia addresses him. Lear feels awakened from the grave and wishes they had left him. Very drowsy at first, Lear thinks Cordelia is a spirit and then realizes he should know her and Kent (disguised) but has difficulty putting his memory together. Finally he recognizes Cordelia, to her delight, but thinks he is in France. The Doctor advises them to give Lear his space so Cordelia takes him for a walk. 

When Cordelia refuses to prefer her undying love for her father what does her father do? 

When Cordelia refuses to flatter her father, he disowns her. 

“Nothing will come of nothing”. What does Shakespeare mean by this in the play King Lear? 

When Lear stages his silly love test, he asks Cordelia "What can you say to draw a third [of the kingdom] more opulent than your sisters?" Cordelia replies, "Nothing."Lear is offended and says, "Nothing will come of nothing." The idea is that if Cordelia refuses to play his silly game, she will get nothing in the way of inheritance 

Discuss briefly the character sketch of Gloucester in King Lear? 

The parallel character to Lear in the subplot, Gloucester is tricked by his bastard son Edmund into thinking that Edgar wishes to kill him. He trusts Edmund with his secrets until it is revealed that Edmund has betrayed him. He is blinded for being a traitor and helping Lear escape to Dover. Edgar, as poor Tom, leads him to Dover where he is tricked out of committing suicide. He sees Lear in his madness and wishes it upon himself. The news of Edgar's true identity overwhelms him, cracking his heart. 

 Why does Goneril accuse King Lear and his knights ? 

Scene iii reintroduces Goneril, as she is outraged by the offenses she contends Lear has been showing her since moving into her residence. He has struck Oswald for criticizing his fool, his knights are riotous and so on, she claims.  

  

What did Gloucester hope for ? 

How did he perform it ? Did he succeed? 

Gloucester hoped to both see his son and be reconciled with him (Edgar). Gloucester doesn't know his wish has come true until Edgar reveals his identity in Act Five, Scene Three. After which, Gloucester, overwhelmed by the news that his heart gave out.