Study Skills
1.What is Critical Thinking? State its importance for a student.Wednesday, 31 January 2018
MA ENGLISH Semester 1
Semester 1
2.The Rape of the Lock
3. Shakespearen Sonnets
4 . The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales
5.Paradise Lost
Classical Poetry Short Questions
1.John Donne Love and Divine Poems 2.The Rape of the Lock
3. Shakespearen Sonnets
4 . The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales
5.Paradise Lost
Study Skills
1.What is Critical Thinking? State its importance for a student.
Classical Poetry
1.Chaucer
John Milton
John Donne
Alexander Pope
5.Rape of Lock Significance of Cave of Spleen
2.John Donne Love&Divine Poems Short Questions
3.Shakesperean Sonnets Short Questions
4.Paradise Lost Short Questions
5.The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales
2.Literary Forms and Movements short questions
3. Discuss Expressionism
4.What is Impressionism?
5.What is Imagism in Poetry
6.What is Sonnets ?
1.Oedipus Rex Character is Destiny
2. Describe Role of Chorus
3.Analyse Hamartia In Oedipus Rex
4.Discuss The Catharsis in Oedipus Rex
5.Oedipus Rex Short Questions
6.What is Structure of Greek Theater ?
7.The Jew of Malta typical Marlovian
8.Jew of Malta :The World of Malta
9.What is Hamlets madness?
10.Significanc of Ghost in Hamlet
11.Dr.Faustus : A Morality Play
12.Every Man In His Humor Short questions
13.The Jew of Malta short questions
Classical Poetry Short Questions
1.The Rape of the Lock Short Questions 2.John Donne Love&Divine Poems Short Questions
3.Shakesperean Sonnets Short Questions
4.Paradise Lost Short Questions
5.The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales
Literary Forms And Movements L.F.M
1.Romantic Age Characteristics And Poets 2.Literary Forms and Movements short questions
3. Discuss Expressionism
4.What is Impressionism?
5.What is Imagism in Poetry
6.What is Sonnets ?
Classical Drama
1.Oedipus Rex Character is Destiny
2. Describe Role of Chorus
3.Analyse Hamartia In Oedipus Rex
4.Discuss The Catharsis in Oedipus Rex
5.Oedipus Rex Short Questions
7.The Jew of Malta typical Marlovian
8.Jew of Malta :The World of Malta
9.What is Hamlets madness?
10.Significanc of Ghost in Hamlet
11.Dr.Faustus : A Morality Play
12.Every Man In His Humor Short questions
13.The Jew of Malta short questions
What is Critical Thinking? State its importance for a student.
Ans: Critical Thinking Critical thinking is purely objectively and rational activity. It is the process of thinking about something critically and with doubts in order to search its reality. It enables us to recognize a wide range of subjective analyses of otherwise objective data, and to evaluate how well each analysis might meet our needs. Facts may be facts, but how we interpret them may vary.
Critical thinking includes a complex combination of skills. The main characteristics of critical thinking are:
1. Rationality We are thinking critically when we
• rely on reason rather than emotion, • require evidence, ignore no known evidence, and follow evidence where it leads, and • are concerned more with finding the best explanation than being right analyzing apparent confusion and asking questions.
2. Self-awareness We are thinking critically when we
• weigh the influences of motives and bias, and • Recognize our own assumptions, prejudices, biases, or point of view.
3. Honesty We are thinking critically when we recognize emotional impulses, selfish motives, nefarious purposes, or other modes of self-deception.
4. Open-mindedness We are thinking critically when we
• evaluate all reasonable inferences • consider a variety of possible viewpoints or perspectives, • remain open to alternative interpretations • accept a new explanation, model, or paradigm because it explains the evidence better, is simpler, or has fewer inconsistencies or covers more data • accept new priorities in response to a reevaluation of the evidence or reassessment of our real interests, and • do not reject unpopular views out of hand.
5. Discipline We are thinking critically when we
• are precise, meticulous, comprehensive, and exhaustive • resist manipulation and irrational appeals, and • avoid snap judgments.
6. Judgment We are thinking critically when we
• recognize the relevance and/or merit of alternative assumptions and perspectives • recognize the extent and weight of evidence
To sum up:
• Critical thinkers are by nature skeptical.
They approach texts with the same skepticism and suspicion as they approach spoken remarks.
• Critical thinkers are active, not passive.
They ask questions and analyze. They consciously apply tactics and strategies to uncover meaning or assure their understanding. •
Critical thinkers do not take an egotistical view of the world. They are open to new ideas and perspectives. They are willing to challenge their beliefs and investigate competing evidence.
ELEMENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING
1. ANALYSIS
2. APPLICATION OF STANDARDS
3. INFORMATION SEEKING
4. LOGICAL REASONING
5. PREDICTION
Critical thinking includes a complex combination of skills. The main characteristics of critical thinking are:
1. Rationality We are thinking critically when we
• rely on reason rather than emotion, • require evidence, ignore no known evidence, and follow evidence where it leads, and • are concerned more with finding the best explanation than being right analyzing apparent confusion and asking questions.
2. Self-awareness We are thinking critically when we
• weigh the influences of motives and bias, and • Recognize our own assumptions, prejudices, biases, or point of view.
3. Honesty We are thinking critically when we recognize emotional impulses, selfish motives, nefarious purposes, or other modes of self-deception.
4. Open-mindedness We are thinking critically when we
• evaluate all reasonable inferences • consider a variety of possible viewpoints or perspectives, • remain open to alternative interpretations • accept a new explanation, model, or paradigm because it explains the evidence better, is simpler, or has fewer inconsistencies or covers more data • accept new priorities in response to a reevaluation of the evidence or reassessment of our real interests, and • do not reject unpopular views out of hand.
5. Discipline We are thinking critically when we
• are precise, meticulous, comprehensive, and exhaustive • resist manipulation and irrational appeals, and • avoid snap judgments.
6. Judgment We are thinking critically when we
• recognize the relevance and/or merit of alternative assumptions and perspectives • recognize the extent and weight of evidence
To sum up:
• Critical thinkers are by nature skeptical.
They approach texts with the same skepticism and suspicion as they approach spoken remarks.
• Critical thinkers are active, not passive.
They ask questions and analyze. They consciously apply tactics and strategies to uncover meaning or assure their understanding. •
Critical thinkers do not take an egotistical view of the world. They are open to new ideas and perspectives. They are willing to challenge their beliefs and investigate competing evidence.
ELEMENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING
1. ANALYSIS
2. APPLICATION OF STANDARDS
3. INFORMATION SEEKING
4. LOGICAL REASONING
5. PREDICTION
What is the Research? What are the major sources can be adopted doing research in education?
Ans: Research:The Research is process of finding and collecting data about a topic or a problem. Actually research is an attempt to reach the eternal truth. But research is essentially undertaken in the supervision of the experts of the certain field who do have the understandings of the nature of research, and who can do it efficiently. Research is done out of the motivations for the accomplishment of specific aims and objectives. The research process gives you the skills and the confidence that you will require to take you successfully from the initial idea to a completed piece of research.
The process of Research is very time-consuming. It is subjective, often boring, but can also be fun. It is a fact that research can take overlap an entire life, sometime. Research can be much more interesting than its results. It can be done in many ways. Research can lead you in unexpected directions. Why research? The answer is quite simple - to understand motivation and the self.
TEN VIEWS OF RESEARCH
Research is about proving your pet theory
Research is something done by academics or experts
Research is about establishing the facts
Research is objective phenomenon
Research is about justifying what you want to do
Research can prove anything you want
Research is time-consuming
Research is scientific
Research is removed from reality
Research cannot change anything
✓ Reading for Research
✓ Choosing the Method of Research
✓ Collection of Data
✓ Analysis of Data
✓ Writing up
✓ Finishing off
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION/RESEARCH
The Internet
Libraries
Talk-Shows
Questionnaires
People (Concerned)
Biographies of people
Journals & Books
TYPES OF RESEARCH
1) Pure Research
2) Applied Research
3) Strategic Research
4) Descriptive Research
5) Explanatory Research
6) Evaluative Research
7) Exploratory Research
8) Covert Research
9) Qualitative Research
10) Quantitative Research
11) Basic Research
12) Instrumental Research
13) Participatory Research
14) Action Research
The process of Research is very time-consuming. It is subjective, often boring, but can also be fun. It is a fact that research can take overlap an entire life, sometime. Research can be much more interesting than its results. It can be done in many ways. Research can lead you in unexpected directions. Why research? The answer is quite simple - to understand motivation and the self.
TEN VIEWS OF RESEARCH
Research is about proving your pet theory
Research is something done by academics or experts
Research is about establishing the facts
Research is objective phenomenon
Research is about justifying what you want to do
Research can prove anything you want
Research is time-consuming
Research is scientific
Research is removed from reality
Research cannot change anything
METHODS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
✓ Choosing Topic
✓ Ascertaining the Research Sources✓ Reading for Research
✓ Choosing the Method of Research
✓ Collection of Data
✓ Analysis of Data
✓ Writing up
✓ Finishing off
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION/RESEARCH
The Internet
Libraries
Talk-Shows
Questionnaires
People (Concerned)
Biographies of people
Journals & Books
TYPES OF RESEARCH
1) Pure Research
2) Applied Research
3) Strategic Research
4) Descriptive Research
5) Explanatory Research
6) Evaluative Research
7) Exploratory Research
8) Covert Research
9) Qualitative Research
10) Quantitative Research
11) Basic Research
12) Instrumental Research
13) Participatory Research
14) Action Research
Write methods of preparing an Assignment?
Ans: Methods of Preparing Assignment:An assignment is a document usually of education that is prepared by a student in order to prove himself as meeting the requirement set forth or assigned by the instructor. It is an educational requisite of the student who is preparing this document for accomplishing his educational need. As the name suggests, an Assignment is a task that is assigned by someone; by the instructor or professor to a student usually at a college or a university. For preparing the college or university, assignment there is adopted a method in which some of the aspects and entries do have basic importance.
The assignment is prepared consisting the following things:
1) Outline
2) Introduction
3) Numbering and Bullets
4) An Effective and Logical Conclusion
1) Outline An outline is included to the assignment that is the overview of the assignment body. The outline is like a synopsis of entire the assignment. 2) Introduction The Introduction part of the assignment is an initial lines that overviews the assignment contents. This portion tells the range of the body of the assignment. It tells the reader about the nature and scope of the assignment. 3) Numbering and Bullets The assignment is decorated with numbers and bullets. The ‘Numbers and Bullets’ is actually the shape and format of the assignment. Although the contents and body of the assignment is in the form of continuous text, still some of the contents that are written in ready information are written in the form either in numbers or bullets. 4) An Effective and Logical Conclusion As the effective and powerful intro is essential for the assignment, similarly an effective cum logical conclusion for an assignment is also necessary. An effective conclusion captures a gist and summary of the assignment.
TOPIC: XYZ
SUBJECT : STUDY SKILLS
NAME OF DEPTT: ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
SUBMITTED TO : INSTRUCTOR’S NAME
SUBMITTED BY : SCHOLAR’S NAME
ROLLNO: 12
CLASS: M.A ENGLISH-PART-I
DATE: 02-02-2018
COLLEGE Degree Collage Bhakkar
The assignment is prepared consisting the following things:
1) Outline
2) Introduction
3) Numbering and Bullets
4) An Effective and Logical Conclusion
1) Outline An outline is included to the assignment that is the overview of the assignment body. The outline is like a synopsis of entire the assignment. 2) Introduction The Introduction part of the assignment is an initial lines that overviews the assignment contents. This portion tells the range of the body of the assignment. It tells the reader about the nature and scope of the assignment. 3) Numbering and Bullets The assignment is decorated with numbers and bullets. The ‘Numbers and Bullets’ is actually the shape and format of the assignment. Although the contents and body of the assignment is in the form of continuous text, still some of the contents that are written in ready information are written in the form either in numbers or bullets. 4) An Effective and Logical Conclusion As the effective and powerful intro is essential for the assignment, similarly an effective cum logical conclusion for an assignment is also necessary. An effective conclusion captures a gist and summary of the assignment.
FORMAT OF ASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENTTOPIC: XYZ
SUBJECT : STUDY SKILLS
NAME OF DEPTT: ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
SUBMITTED TO : INSTRUCTOR’S NAME
SUBMITTED BY : SCHOLAR’S NAME
ROLLNO: 12
CLASS: M.A ENGLISH-PART-I
DATE: 02-02-2018
COLLEGE Degree Collage Bhakkar
What is a Seminar? Describe principles of conducting Seminar. Also describe its types.
Ans: Seminar:A seminar may be defined as a gathering of people for the purpose of discussing a specific topic. Such gatherings are usually interactive sessions where the participants engage in discussions about the delineated topic.
The sessions are usually headed or led by one or two presenters who serve to host of hold the discussion.
Seminars are more like being in a classroom than lectures, but they’re also quite different to what you might be used to at school. Seminars are for small groups of students studying the same course. They are normally led by a tutor in a seminar room. Seminars are designed for students to talk about topics in the course reading or lectures in detail, so students have to take an active part in the debate. Sometimes the tutor will lead the seminar, or they might choose students to make a presentation. But whether you’re presenting or not, you’ll still need to do some work before and after the seminar to make the most out of them.
Seminar is a small framework that is organized with 20 to 30 people. It is learner-oriented with the purpose of learning and practicing new things. The content is very specific, it is quite intensive and it normally lasts three to five days. The essential characteristic of a seminar is the fact that it is organized to enhance professionalism. The participants enroll in order to learn something. For that reason the size is not too large. We have seminars that only last one afternoon or one day. They may as well last two weeks. The seminar may be concerned with new ways to teach literature, run a teacher’s magazine, or integrate culture in language classes.
HOW TO ORGANIZE SEMINAR?
To help you with it, here are some straight forward steps that ensure the seminar running smoothly:
Principles of Conducting Seminars or Conferences
Within the first two minutes, tell the audience why your presentation is important to them. This creates a heightened level of interest and awareness (i.e., I’m going to give you eight specific significant information of….)
Be specific. Be concrete. Use numbers. Use examples. Make them understandable and tangible.
1. Develop your objectives
Decide on expected cost, technological requirements for every speaker, short-term plans, and the long-term goals for your seminar.
2. Create seminar agendas Create agendas highlighting the key events and speaking times of your seminar. Your attendees will appreciate having the ability to quickly check event times.
3. Stick to the time schedule as precisely as possible. Try run your material at least twice, including once the day before the program.
4. Be relevant to your audience. Choose examples or information that connect with the specific group, and tell them why you selected them. If you use a list (of techniques, advantages, of something), begin by saying “I will be giving you 18 quick ideas of….” Then count them as you present each one so the audience may be more certain.
5. Look for audience participation and questions throughout. Encourage questions and involvement. An involved audience is engaged and closer to you.
6. No commercials please. Your best commercial is to deliver a relevant, timely session (Your name, title, and other particulars are in the program). Stick to the topic that the audience came to hear.
7. Develop a relevant handout. Some events require it, and attendees always appreciate a well-considered support piece.
Benefits of Seminar
☺ A good deal of learning is achieved effectively
☺ Topics exploration is in more depth
☺ Information seeking behavior is encouraged
☺ Shared ideas in a way that advance thinking
☺ The participants take experience from group discussions
☺ It develops cognitive, effective domains based learning
☺ This method builds better social values and fault tolerance levels in the minds of
the learner
Limitations of Seminar
1. -Setting up of a seminar for every topic in the Text is not feasible
2. -The subject area to be taught must be relevant to the theme of the seminar
3. -The seminar themes must conform to the learning experiences to be inculcated to the students
4. -This method found fit for higher learning only, for lower classes is not fruitful
5. -The resourceful is required for the seminar method
6. -Time management is somewhat difficult
7. -Unnecessary gossips, glitches among the participants may deteriorate the scope and objectives of seminar
ROLE OF MEMBERS IN SEMINAR
Seminar Committee
Seminar is conducted or organized by the committee proposed for this purpose only. This committee constitutes a Chairperson, Organizing Secretary and Subject Experts who act as the speakers of the seminar. Usually a seminar has been conducted with the following team of organizing body:
1. Chairperson or President/Convener of Seminar
Naturally, the Chairperson may be the apex person of the Institution or the policy making of the concerned body or agency. The convener has to plan and prepare the total functionaries. He is the core person and decides the theme of the seminar and fixes the objectives of seminar. He is the key person to hold all administrative functions and advisory for the seminar.
2. Organizing Secretary
He is the key person of the Seminar and responsible for the planning and executing the functions of seminar. He is the prime advisory for the convener in selecting the appropriate functionaries for technical session and selection of paper presenters. The time and venue of seminar and other administrative works are decided by him with the advice of convener. He has to circulate the circulars regarding the seminar. The Organizing Secretary controls whole the management like documentation, record keeping and matter concerning the seminar event.
3. Role of Speakers/Experts
The speaker or paper presenter is the person who prepares an article or paper about the theme or sub-theme of the seminar to read and discuss in the seminar concerned. He should prepare his paper with right and updated information with sufficient knowledge about the paper or subject he dealt. This makes the observers and participants for warm participation with good discussion forum.
4. Role of Chairperson of the Technical Session of seminar
He is the only person to hold the complete responsibility of the whole technical session. He should have the adequate knowledge about the subject or theme dealt in the seminar. Also he is cooperative and clarifies the speaker’s presentation. He has to control the whole session.
5. Role of the participants of seminar
There may be 25-40 participants in each sitting only allowed. The participants should have knowledge about the theme of seminar. S/he must have the questioning skills. Participant may express his own experience and knowledge to interrogate speakers’ view. But it must be relevant to the discussion held in the seminar.
6. Role of the observer of seminar
The eminent persons and honorable guests are invited to attend / participate in the seminar are known as observers. They have to observe the discussion and other events occurred in the seminar and deliberate their own views regarding them with the permission of Chairperson of the technical session. Their views and impressions play a remarkable role with the discussion and finalization of the concepts derived from the seminar theme.
What are the steps taken before, during and after the seminar? Describe kinds and events related to Seminars.
Ans: Seminar is an event that is conducted or held for a multiple purposes but the chief of them is to give an awareness of a subject or topic. Seminar is an advanced type of learning technique that is often adapted as a teaching method in colleges and universities. The primary goal of a seminar, both as an event as well as a method of teaching, is gaining awareness and advanced learning of a topic or an issue at a massive scale.
PROCEEDING OF SEMINAR
STEPS TAKEN BEFORE SEMINAR
a) Finding the speakers for the seminar who can assist in the event.
b) Finding a proper venue for the seminar.
c) Ensure you have done any tasks agreed for the group.
d) Read around the subject. Think about it.
e) What questions do you want answered?
f) Allocation of the budget
g) Specification of the estimated time (time duration)
STEPS TAKEN DURING SEMINAR
a) Be open to hearing something new.
b) Jot down useful information.
c) Jot down questions to ask.
d) If you don't understand something, ask.
e) Make contributions – for example, raise points that interest you
f) BUT try to get others involved too - ask open questions: "did anyone else think that....?"
g) Keeping on track
h) Considering the time allocation/limit STEPS TAKEN AFTER SEMINAR
a) Analyze the outcome of the seminar
b) Sending thanking notes to the attendees through suitable follow ups
c) Go over your notes and summarise them.
d) Make sure you know exactly what you have to do for next time – put new tasks in your diary.
1. Mini Seminar
Its coverage and scope are small and simple. A small population is enough to hold this seminar. A discussion held over the topic taught or to be taught with the students is known as Group discussion. Such group discussions held in an organized way within a class room. The mini seminar gives the participants training in questioning skills, organizing the information and presentation skills of seminar. It is a good seminar because it gives good experience to conduct a major seminar at Institutional level.
2. Major Seminar
The seminar conducted at an institutional or departmental level for a specific topic or subject is known as Major seminar. Usually students and teachers are participating in this type of seminar. This major seminar can be organized at department level for every month. A specific topic or subject is selected for the theme of the seminar.
3. National Seminar
An association of any kind particularly with academic or professional interest or an organization (Government, Firm, etc.,) conducts the seminar at National level is called National seminar. The subject experts are invited to the seminar for discussion. The Secretary of the seminar prepares the schedule and functionaries for seminar.
4. International Seminar
Usually the seminar conducted by an international organization or agency is known as International seminar. Theme of this seminar has wider aspects. Globalization, Renovation, Atomic energy agreements, Policies implementation and modification etc., are examples for themes of International seminars. A Nation or its body can conduct or organize the international seminar.
Terms Synonymous with Seminar.
Convention: It is the largest of the events, aimed at large audiences of over two thousand people. It is often political in character and of divergent content. It lasts two or three days. Typical examples are the Democratic and Republican Conventions in the United States of America where the presidential candidates are selected.
Conference: This is a smaller organizational framework for approximately seventy-five participants, but still in the same league with Convention and Congress. The content of the conference is rather specific and its major aim is to provide an overview of the relevant field and discuss issues. It usually lasts one - two days.
Symposium: Originally the term ‘symposium’ is referred to a rather small conference in which experts or scholars discuss a certain problem. The members are convened by a single member or group of colleagues who work together more or less closely. The aim of symposium is to present and share the research findings.
Round Table Discussion: In a round table discussion, all the participants have an equal say in the discussion, which starts with a very short introductory statement or presentation of a problem. In the round table everyone present has the possibility of equal input.
The sessions are usually headed or led by one or two presenters who serve to host of hold the discussion.
Seminars are more like being in a classroom than lectures, but they’re also quite different to what you might be used to at school. Seminars are for small groups of students studying the same course. They are normally led by a tutor in a seminar room. Seminars are designed for students to talk about topics in the course reading or lectures in detail, so students have to take an active part in the debate. Sometimes the tutor will lead the seminar, or they might choose students to make a presentation. But whether you’re presenting or not, you’ll still need to do some work before and after the seminar to make the most out of them.
Seminar is a small framework that is organized with 20 to 30 people. It is learner-oriented with the purpose of learning and practicing new things. The content is very specific, it is quite intensive and it normally lasts three to five days. The essential characteristic of a seminar is the fact that it is organized to enhance professionalism. The participants enroll in order to learn something. For that reason the size is not too large. We have seminars that only last one afternoon or one day. They may as well last two weeks. The seminar may be concerned with new ways to teach literature, run a teacher’s magazine, or integrate culture in language classes.
HOW TO ORGANIZE SEMINAR?
To help you with it, here are some straight forward steps that ensure the seminar running smoothly:
- ✓ Step 1: Define your objectives
- ✓ Step 2: Choose the theme and format
- ✓ Step 3: Give the Agenda of the Seminar
- ✓ Step 4: Set a Venue ✓ Step
- 5: Choose the date
- ✓ Step 6: Choose the location
- ✓ Step 7: Set a Budget
- ✓ Step 8: The event schedule
Principles of Conducting Seminars or Conferences
Within the first two minutes, tell the audience why your presentation is important to them. This creates a heightened level of interest and awareness (i.e., I’m going to give you eight specific significant information of….)
Be specific. Be concrete. Use numbers. Use examples. Make them understandable and tangible.
1. Develop your objectives
Decide on expected cost, technological requirements for every speaker, short-term plans, and the long-term goals for your seminar.
2. Create seminar agendas Create agendas highlighting the key events and speaking times of your seminar. Your attendees will appreciate having the ability to quickly check event times.
3. Stick to the time schedule as precisely as possible. Try run your material at least twice, including once the day before the program.
4. Be relevant to your audience. Choose examples or information that connect with the specific group, and tell them why you selected them. If you use a list (of techniques, advantages, of something), begin by saying “I will be giving you 18 quick ideas of….” Then count them as you present each one so the audience may be more certain.
5. Look for audience participation and questions throughout. Encourage questions and involvement. An involved audience is engaged and closer to you.
6. No commercials please. Your best commercial is to deliver a relevant, timely session (Your name, title, and other particulars are in the program). Stick to the topic that the audience came to hear.
7. Develop a relevant handout. Some events require it, and attendees always appreciate a well-considered support piece.
Benefits of Seminar
☺ A good deal of learning is achieved effectively
☺ Topics exploration is in more depth
☺ Information seeking behavior is encouraged
☺ Shared ideas in a way that advance thinking
☺ The participants take experience from group discussions
☺ It develops cognitive, effective domains based learning
☺ This method builds better social values and fault tolerance levels in the minds of
the learner
Limitations of Seminar
1. -Setting up of a seminar for every topic in the Text is not feasible
2. -The subject area to be taught must be relevant to the theme of the seminar
3. -The seminar themes must conform to the learning experiences to be inculcated to the students
4. -This method found fit for higher learning only, for lower classes is not fruitful
5. -The resourceful is required for the seminar method
6. -Time management is somewhat difficult
7. -Unnecessary gossips, glitches among the participants may deteriorate the scope and objectives of seminar
ROLE OF MEMBERS IN SEMINAR
Seminar Committee
Seminar is conducted or organized by the committee proposed for this purpose only. This committee constitutes a Chairperson, Organizing Secretary and Subject Experts who act as the speakers of the seminar. Usually a seminar has been conducted with the following team of organizing body:
1. Chairperson or President/Convener of Seminar
Naturally, the Chairperson may be the apex person of the Institution or the policy making of the concerned body or agency. The convener has to plan and prepare the total functionaries. He is the core person and decides the theme of the seminar and fixes the objectives of seminar. He is the key person to hold all administrative functions and advisory for the seminar.
2. Organizing Secretary
He is the key person of the Seminar and responsible for the planning and executing the functions of seminar. He is the prime advisory for the convener in selecting the appropriate functionaries for technical session and selection of paper presenters. The time and venue of seminar and other administrative works are decided by him with the advice of convener. He has to circulate the circulars regarding the seminar. The Organizing Secretary controls whole the management like documentation, record keeping and matter concerning the seminar event.
3. Role of Speakers/Experts
The speaker or paper presenter is the person who prepares an article or paper about the theme or sub-theme of the seminar to read and discuss in the seminar concerned. He should prepare his paper with right and updated information with sufficient knowledge about the paper or subject he dealt. This makes the observers and participants for warm participation with good discussion forum.
4. Role of Chairperson of the Technical Session of seminar
He is the only person to hold the complete responsibility of the whole technical session. He should have the adequate knowledge about the subject or theme dealt in the seminar. Also he is cooperative and clarifies the speaker’s presentation. He has to control the whole session.
5. Role of the participants of seminar
There may be 25-40 participants in each sitting only allowed. The participants should have knowledge about the theme of seminar. S/he must have the questioning skills. Participant may express his own experience and knowledge to interrogate speakers’ view. But it must be relevant to the discussion held in the seminar.
6. Role of the observer of seminar
The eminent persons and honorable guests are invited to attend / participate in the seminar are known as observers. They have to observe the discussion and other events occurred in the seminar and deliberate their own views regarding them with the permission of Chairperson of the technical session. Their views and impressions play a remarkable role with the discussion and finalization of the concepts derived from the seminar theme.
What are the steps taken before, during and after the seminar? Describe kinds and events related to Seminars.
Ans: Seminar is an event that is conducted or held for a multiple purposes but the chief of them is to give an awareness of a subject or topic. Seminar is an advanced type of learning technique that is often adapted as a teaching method in colleges and universities. The primary goal of a seminar, both as an event as well as a method of teaching, is gaining awareness and advanced learning of a topic or an issue at a massive scale.
PROCEEDING OF SEMINAR
STEPS TAKEN BEFORE SEMINAR
a) Finding the speakers for the seminar who can assist in the event.
b) Finding a proper venue for the seminar.
c) Ensure you have done any tasks agreed for the group.
d) Read around the subject. Think about it.
e) What questions do you want answered?
f) Allocation of the budget
g) Specification of the estimated time (time duration)
STEPS TAKEN DURING SEMINAR
a) Be open to hearing something new.
b) Jot down useful information.
c) Jot down questions to ask.
d) If you don't understand something, ask.
e) Make contributions – for example, raise points that interest you
f) BUT try to get others involved too - ask open questions: "did anyone else think that....?"
g) Keeping on track
h) Considering the time allocation/limit STEPS TAKEN AFTER SEMINAR
a) Analyze the outcome of the seminar
b) Sending thanking notes to the attendees through suitable follow ups
c) Go over your notes and summarise them.
d) Make sure you know exactly what you have to do for next time – put new tasks in your diary.
Kinds of Seminars
Seminars are conducted in various stages. Based on the size and organizational aspects the seminars can be classified into 4 types:
1. Mini Seminar (Classroom Seminar) 2. Major Seminar (Departmental Seminar) 3. National Seminar 4. International Seminar1. Mini Seminar
Its coverage and scope are small and simple. A small population is enough to hold this seminar. A discussion held over the topic taught or to be taught with the students is known as Group discussion. Such group discussions held in an organized way within a class room. The mini seminar gives the participants training in questioning skills, organizing the information and presentation skills of seminar. It is a good seminar because it gives good experience to conduct a major seminar at Institutional level.
2. Major Seminar
The seminar conducted at an institutional or departmental level for a specific topic or subject is known as Major seminar. Usually students and teachers are participating in this type of seminar. This major seminar can be organized at department level for every month. A specific topic or subject is selected for the theme of the seminar.
3. National Seminar
An association of any kind particularly with academic or professional interest or an organization (Government, Firm, etc.,) conducts the seminar at National level is called National seminar. The subject experts are invited to the seminar for discussion. The Secretary of the seminar prepares the schedule and functionaries for seminar.
4. International Seminar
Usually the seminar conducted by an international organization or agency is known as International seminar. Theme of this seminar has wider aspects. Globalization, Renovation, Atomic energy agreements, Policies implementation and modification etc., are examples for themes of International seminars. A Nation or its body can conduct or organize the international seminar.
Terms Synonymous with Seminar.
Convention: It is the largest of the events, aimed at large audiences of over two thousand people. It is often political in character and of divergent content. It lasts two or three days. Typical examples are the Democratic and Republican Conventions in the United States of America where the presidential candidates are selected.
Conference: This is a smaller organizational framework for approximately seventy-five participants, but still in the same league with Convention and Congress. The content of the conference is rather specific and its major aim is to provide an overview of the relevant field and discuss issues. It usually lasts one - two days.
Symposium: Originally the term ‘symposium’ is referred to a rather small conference in which experts or scholars discuss a certain problem. The members are convened by a single member or group of colleagues who work together more or less closely. The aim of symposium is to present and share the research findings.
Round Table Discussion: In a round table discussion, all the participants have an equal say in the discussion, which starts with a very short introductory statement or presentation of a problem. In the round table everyone present has the possibility of equal input.
What is CV? What’s Resume? Differ between them.
Ans: Curriculum Vitae (CV):CV stands for curriculum vitae, which is Latin for 'course of life'. It is a summary of an individual’s experience, skills and education. In the USA and Canada it is known as a résumé - this is the French word for summary.
Resume:A resume is a written compilation of one’s academic record, work experience, credentials, and accomplishments that are required to apply for jobs. It is one of the most important pieces of any job application.
Types of Resumes
There are several basic types of resumes used to apply for job openings, depending on your personal circumstances like:
1. Chronological resume 2. Functional resume 3. Combinational resume 4. Targeted resume 5. Non-traditional resume
Chronological resume starts by listing one’s working history. A Functional resume focuses on one’s skills and experience. A nontraditional resume is Web-based version of one’s resume.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C.V & RESUME
There are three major differences between CV and Resume:
1. Length (size)
2. Purpose
3. Layout (Style)
A resume is a brief summary of your skills and experience over one or two pages, a CV is more detailed and can stretch well beyond two pages. A Resume is basically a bio-data of a person, and the near information that is co-related to his academics and personal information.
What is Bio-Data?
In industrial and organizational psychology, bio data is biographical data. It deals with ‘Factual types of questions about life and work experiences, as well as items involving opinions, values, beliefs, and attitudes that reflect your life perspective.’
What to Include in a Cover Letter for a Job?
When you are writing a cover letter, there is specific information that needs to be included. Your cover letter will include a contact section, a salutation, information on why you are qualified for the job, a closing, and your signature. Here's what to include in a cover letter to send with a resume when you apply for a job.
Importance of Reference Section in CV
The References section in the CV is a vital part which cannot be entirely omitted. The references should be two people who know you well and could tell about you a positive comment, or who can vouch(believe) you to be the prospective employer.
Who can be Referenced on CV?
The first or one of your references or referees should be your current or previous employer; the second referee can be any person who knows you well. They can be your:
➢ Previous employer ➢ Current employer ➢ Manager ➢ Supervisor ➢ Teacher /Tutor /Professor ➢ Coach ➢ The Qari sahib of the Jamia mosque of your area
RESUME ENTRIES: A customized section of the resume lists key achievements, skills, traits, and experiences relevant to the position for which you are applying can serve dual purposes; it highlights the relevant experience and lets the prospective employer know that you have taken the time to create. The resume shows how you are qualified for the job in a brief manner.
Following are some of the general entries of a Resume:
Bio-Data & Personal Particulars
Academic Particulars
Professional Record
Special or Specific Qualifications (optional)
Special or Specific Interests & Traits (optional)
References
CV ENTRIES:
If you are including this section on your CV, limit your entries to conferences on special topics that are of direct relevance to the position you are applying to.
Honors and Awards (optional) This section comprises of Name of scholarships and awards, honors with date(s) awarded.
Leadership Qualities Organization, position held and dates of participation. If describing a leadership role included responsibilities that convey leadership.
Professional Qualifications(Optional) Any skills other than those already included in the Education and Education section that may be relevant to the position you are applying for.
Extra-curricular Activities (optional) This section can be customized depending upon the experiences.
Special Skills (optional) Examples include proficiency in a foreign language or scientific writing or specific computer skills that may be especially relevant to the position of interest.
References (mandatory) References should be included in the ending section and should contain the name, title and contact information of the referees.
WHY TO UPDATE CV AND RESUME?
The need to update the CV and Resume is an essential task that is done time and again in course of an individual who is seeking a job in some organization. If you update your resume just every few years or only when you’re looking for a job, you might completely forget about new skills because you mastered them so long ago. By keeping your resume up-to-date, you can see how you’ve grown even from a few months ago. The CV and Resume is updated and reviewed for the following purposes:
1. To Remind the Skills and Achievements
A resume isn’t just a list of job titles and how long you’ve worked at various jobs. It’s a record of your body of work.
2. To Give Confidence & Boost
When you’re in the thick of day-to-day work, it’s easy to forget how far you’ve come and in which areas you’ve developed. By revisiting your accomplishments periodically, you’ll better be able to track your own professional progress and make sure the important ones make it to your resume.
3. To Understand Oneself Better
One of the keys to happiness, impact and career development is understanding of yourself. Your resume is the blueprint not only of your skills and achievements, but also of your references, passions and values.
4. To Identify Development Areas
Your key achievements happened for a reason. And so did your mistakes. Have a look at your resume and think about which events have been great teachers. What did you learn? How have you moved forward with that learning? What could you do to develop even further?
5. To Develop a Clearer Idea of Strengths
Research has shown that the more you work to your strengths, skills and passions, the happier and more productive you are.
6. To Prepare for the Odds
The world of working has changed beyond recognition so having resume or CV that’s up-to-date helps you hit the ground running if you ever do need to look for alternative work.
Activities
i. Compose a comprehensive CV mentioning your entire academic record and interpersonal skills, traits and your personality.
ii. Update your Resume in order to apply in an international organization that is seeking services a suitable personnel as Receptionist.
iii. You are interested in taking the teaching profession. Write down a job letter to the Principal of your local college to take you as Teaching Internee, expressing the potentialities in your person.
Resume:A resume is a written compilation of one’s academic record, work experience, credentials, and accomplishments that are required to apply for jobs. It is one of the most important pieces of any job application.
Types of Resumes
There are several basic types of resumes used to apply for job openings, depending on your personal circumstances like:
1. Chronological resume 2. Functional resume 3. Combinational resume 4. Targeted resume 5. Non-traditional resume
Chronological resume starts by listing one’s working history. A Functional resume focuses on one’s skills and experience. A nontraditional resume is Web-based version of one’s resume.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C.V & RESUME
There are three major differences between CV and Resume:
1. Length (size)
2. Purpose
3. Layout (Style)
A resume is a brief summary of your skills and experience over one or two pages, a CV is more detailed and can stretch well beyond two pages. A Resume is basically a bio-data of a person, and the near information that is co-related to his academics and personal information.
What is Bio-Data?
In industrial and organizational psychology, bio data is biographical data. It deals with ‘Factual types of questions about life and work experiences, as well as items involving opinions, values, beliefs, and attitudes that reflect your life perspective.’
What to Include in a Cover Letter for a Job?
When you are writing a cover letter, there is specific information that needs to be included. Your cover letter will include a contact section, a salutation, information on why you are qualified for the job, a closing, and your signature. Here's what to include in a cover letter to send with a resume when you apply for a job.
Importance of Reference Section in CV
The References section in the CV is a vital part which cannot be entirely omitted. The references should be two people who know you well and could tell about you a positive comment, or who can vouch(believe) you to be the prospective employer.
Who can be Referenced on CV?
The first or one of your references or referees should be your current or previous employer; the second referee can be any person who knows you well. They can be your:
➢ Previous employer ➢ Current employer ➢ Manager ➢ Supervisor ➢ Teacher /Tutor /Professor ➢ Coach ➢ The Qari sahib of the Jamia mosque of your area
RESUME ENTRIES: A customized section of the resume lists key achievements, skills, traits, and experiences relevant to the position for which you are applying can serve dual purposes; it highlights the relevant experience and lets the prospective employer know that you have taken the time to create. The resume shows how you are qualified for the job in a brief manner.
Following are some of the general entries of a Resume:
Bio-Data & Personal Particulars
Academic Particulars
Professional Record
Special or Specific Qualifications (optional)
Special or Specific Interests & Traits (optional)
References
CV ENTRIES:
If you are including this section on your CV, limit your entries to conferences on special topics that are of direct relevance to the position you are applying to.
Honors and Awards (optional) This section comprises of Name of scholarships and awards, honors with date(s) awarded.
Leadership Qualities Organization, position held and dates of participation. If describing a leadership role included responsibilities that convey leadership.
Professional Qualifications(Optional) Any skills other than those already included in the Education and Education section that may be relevant to the position you are applying for.
Extra-curricular Activities (optional) This section can be customized depending upon the experiences.
Special Skills (optional) Examples include proficiency in a foreign language or scientific writing or specific computer skills that may be especially relevant to the position of interest.
References (mandatory) References should be included in the ending section and should contain the name, title and contact information of the referees.
WHY TO UPDATE CV AND RESUME?
The need to update the CV and Resume is an essential task that is done time and again in course of an individual who is seeking a job in some organization. If you update your resume just every few years or only when you’re looking for a job, you might completely forget about new skills because you mastered them so long ago. By keeping your resume up-to-date, you can see how you’ve grown even from a few months ago. The CV and Resume is updated and reviewed for the following purposes:
1. To Remind the Skills and Achievements
A resume isn’t just a list of job titles and how long you’ve worked at various jobs. It’s a record of your body of work.
2. To Give Confidence & Boost
When you’re in the thick of day-to-day work, it’s easy to forget how far you’ve come and in which areas you’ve developed. By revisiting your accomplishments periodically, you’ll better be able to track your own professional progress and make sure the important ones make it to your resume.
3. To Understand Oneself Better
One of the keys to happiness, impact and career development is understanding of yourself. Your resume is the blueprint not only of your skills and achievements, but also of your references, passions and values.
4. To Identify Development Areas
Your key achievements happened for a reason. And so did your mistakes. Have a look at your resume and think about which events have been great teachers. What did you learn? How have you moved forward with that learning? What could you do to develop even further?
5. To Develop a Clearer Idea of Strengths
Research has shown that the more you work to your strengths, skills and passions, the happier and more productive you are.
6. To Prepare for the Odds
The world of working has changed beyond recognition so having resume or CV that’s up-to-date helps you hit the ground running if you ever do need to look for alternative work.
Activities
i. Compose a comprehensive CV mentioning your entire academic record and interpersonal skills, traits and your personality.
ii. Update your Resume in order to apply in an international organization that is seeking services a suitable personnel as Receptionist.
iii. You are interested in taking the teaching profession. Write down a job letter to the Principal of your local college to take you as Teaching Internee, expressing the potentialities in your person.
Write down general techniques of writing a Summary of a text?
Ans: Summary Making:Summary making is considered an essential as well as an important skill in the academics. Summarizing a text or some study matter is on one hand, very difficult task to do, and a very creative activity on the other hand as well. Other terms related to summary are ‘precis’, ‘abstarct’ and ‘gist’. The summary making process makes the students capable of producing a gist out of a long matter they read or listened. The process leads towards the ability of concluding the actual text in a few passages or a few pages. All this comes with a thorough and consistent practising. The student is needed to begin with simple exercises and proceed then to more complex material for practice for summarizing larger texts.
Benefits of Summary Making Skill
The summary making process is simple and very effective because it helps the students to:
Make sense of the text and think critically about the meaning
Condense or reduce information so that the crux of the text is clear
Focus as you pick out key facts, information and ideas that are relevant to the questions
Get rid of any unnecessary information or irrelevant to the questions
Link new information with what is already knows, and so helps to fit it into the existing “store” of knowledge
Principles for Writing Summary
✓ Select a good title; keep it short and simple
✓ The first sentence in summary making process is crucial
✓ Focus on the relevance, the application or the benefits
✓ Avoid technical and scientific terms
✓ Avoid acronyms and abbreviations. If you do use one, explain it.
✓ Be specific, brief and certain in summarizing
✓ Make it easy for the reader to understand
✓ Use short, simple words and sentences. Use plain language; avoid uncommon words. Sentences should be less than 25 words long
✓ Provide context. Give concrete words; paint a picture for the reader
✓ Write in the active voice.
✓ Get to the point and avoid ambiguity
✓ Keep the order and structure of the information
✓ Avoid nominalizations e.g. change instances of ‘utlisation’ to ‘using’.
✓ Avoid report writing phrases – they make no sense to the general public
✓ Make sure your abstract is grammatically correct with correct spelling and punctuation
✓ Don’t put secondary ideas
✓ If you are asked to meet certain requirements e.g. 250 words max and a title –then follow it
✓ Get feedback on your draft from colleagues, supervisors, experts or your professor
Techniques of Summary Writing
1. Develop a central message of the manuscript: Prepare a central message sentence (20-25 words).
2. Define the materials and methods: Briefly state the environment in which you worked, the sampling method you employed, the materials you used, and most importantly, the methods you used to carry out the study.
3. Summarize the question(s) and problem(s): summarize the questions used in the text. What was known before you started the study? What answers were needed to address the problem(s)? List the key points pertaining to the question(s) and problem(s). What did you do to answer the question(s)?
4. Define the principal findings: Your central message sentence probably encapsulates the most important findings.
5. Describe the conclusions: Make brief notes on each of the implications that arise from your study. For this analyze: What are the principal conclusions of your findings? What is new in your work and why does it matter? What are the limitations and the implications of your results? Are there any changes in practice, approaches or techniques that you would recommend?
6. Organize & Group related ideas together: List each key point separately. Key points can be arranged chronologically, by order of importance or by some other pattern. Identify the important details, describe the principal findings, and provide your analysis and conclusions that contribute to each key point.
7. Develop the introduction: Before beginning on the introduction, read through the notes you have made so far in your outline. Read them through and see whether there is a coherent and cohesive story and a unifying theme that runs through the outline.
Benefits of Summary Making Skill
The summary making process is simple and very effective because it helps the students to:
Make sense of the text and think critically about the meaning
Condense or reduce information so that the crux of the text is clear
Focus as you pick out key facts, information and ideas that are relevant to the questions
Get rid of any unnecessary information or irrelevant to the questions
Link new information with what is already knows, and so helps to fit it into the existing “store” of knowledge
Principles for Writing Summary
✓ Select a good title; keep it short and simple
✓ The first sentence in summary making process is crucial
✓ Focus on the relevance, the application or the benefits
✓ Avoid technical and scientific terms
✓ Avoid acronyms and abbreviations. If you do use one, explain it.
✓ Be specific, brief and certain in summarizing
✓ Make it easy for the reader to understand
✓ Use short, simple words and sentences. Use plain language; avoid uncommon words. Sentences should be less than 25 words long
✓ Provide context. Give concrete words; paint a picture for the reader
✓ Write in the active voice.
✓ Get to the point and avoid ambiguity
✓ Keep the order and structure of the information
✓ Avoid nominalizations e.g. change instances of ‘utlisation’ to ‘using’.
✓ Avoid report writing phrases – they make no sense to the general public
✓ Make sure your abstract is grammatically correct with correct spelling and punctuation
✓ Don’t put secondary ideas
✓ If you are asked to meet certain requirements e.g. 250 words max and a title –then follow it
✓ Get feedback on your draft from colleagues, supervisors, experts or your professor
Techniques of Summary Writing
1. Develop a central message of the manuscript: Prepare a central message sentence (20-25 words).
2. Define the materials and methods: Briefly state the environment in which you worked, the sampling method you employed, the materials you used, and most importantly, the methods you used to carry out the study.
3. Summarize the question(s) and problem(s): summarize the questions used in the text. What was known before you started the study? What answers were needed to address the problem(s)? List the key points pertaining to the question(s) and problem(s). What did you do to answer the question(s)?
4. Define the principal findings: Your central message sentence probably encapsulates the most important findings.
5. Describe the conclusions: Make brief notes on each of the implications that arise from your study. For this analyze: What are the principal conclusions of your findings? What is new in your work and why does it matter? What are the limitations and the implications of your results? Are there any changes in practice, approaches or techniques that you would recommend?
6. Organize & Group related ideas together: List each key point separately. Key points can be arranged chronologically, by order of importance or by some other pattern. Identify the important details, describe the principal findings, and provide your analysis and conclusions that contribute to each key point.
7. Develop the introduction: Before beginning on the introduction, read through the notes you have made so far in your outline. Read them through and see whether there is a coherent and cohesive story and a unifying theme that runs through the outline.
What is an Outline? How to make an outline for study matter or for a speech?
Ans: Outline:An outline is a formal system used to think about and organize the matter on paper. The process of outlining a speech or other material is also a way to see whether the ideas connect to each other and they have harmony and symmetry, what order of ideas works best, or whether there is sufficient evidence to support each of the points. Outlines are useful as paper work for the purpose of overall picturesque.
There are two kinds of outlines: the topic outline and the sentence outline.
The Topic Outline consists of short phrases. It is particularly useful when you are dealing with a number of different issues that could be arranged in a variety of ways in your paper.
The Sentence Outline is done in full sentences. It is normally used when your paper focuses on complex details. The sentence outline is especially useful for this kind of paper because sentences themselves have many of the details in them. A sentence outline also allows you to include those details in the sentences instead of having to create an outline of many short phrases that goes on page after page.
Both topic and sentence outlines follow rigid formats, using Roman and Arabic numerals along with capital and small letters of the alphabet. This helps both the student and anyone who reads the outline to follow the organization easily. There is no rule for which type of outline is best.
Process of Outlining
When should you start outlining?
Some students like to start outlining at the beginning of the semester as a method of review. They may begin outlining once the professor has finished discussing one section of the course syllabus. Other students begin once they are able to see the big picture concepts of the course, which may cause them to begin outlining later in the course. They begin once they can predict where the course is going or once they have a sound understanding of what the course has already covered. Some students use the outlining process as a comparison tool; they begin outlining at the beginning of the semester and look at their reading notes and draft portions of their outline before class to compare their outline with what is covered in class. All these exercises cause panic in the work and instead of benefiting, they mostly cause harm. The outlining process neither should be devised at the outset, nor from the mid, instead outlines should be made thoroughly and throughout when needs be. The student should himself consider what type of the topic is, and also what sort of outlining he may need.
The outlining process requires a complete planning and sketching of the whole study matter. When deciding when to begin outlining, you should consider how many exams you have to prepare for and whether you will be outlining for each. Your time constraints may guide your decision on when to start outlining more than any other factor. Many people like to start outlining first semester during the first week in November because most of the course material has been presented at that point and the remaining material will require minimal additional effort to include in the outline. However, many successful exam-takers start outlining over Thanksgiving break, when they have a block of uninterrupted time. Choose the one that you think works best for your paper.
HOW TO MAKE OUTLINE
1. Identify the Topic
The topic of your paper is important. Try to sum up the point of your paper in one sentence or phrase. This will help your paper stay focused on the main point.
2. Identify the Main Categories.
What main points will you cover? The introduction usually introduces all of your main points, then the rest of paper can be spent developing those points.
3. Create the First Category.
What is the first point you want to cover? If the paper centers around a complicated term, a definition is often a good place to start. For a paper about a particular theory, giving the general background on the theory can be a good place to begin.
4. Create subcategories
After you have the main point, create points under it that provide support for the main point. The number of categories that you use depends on the amount of information that you are going to cover; there is no right or wrong number to use. By convention, each category consists of a minimum of two entries. If your first category is Roman numeral I, your outline must also have a category labeled roman numeral II; if you have a capital letter A under category I, you must also have a capital letter B. Whether you then go on to have capital letters C, D, E, etc., is up to you, depending on the amount of material you are going to cover. You are required to have only two of each numbered or lettered category.
FORMAT OF OUTLINE
One-Level Outline: as a beginner, the student is needed to start with a one level outline. A common basic one-level outline looks like this one:
I. Introduction
II. Explanation
III. Analysis
IV. Results
V. Discussion
VI. Conclusion
Using the above outline as a guide, create a one level outline for your paper by making the topic headings more detailed. For example, instead of “Literature review”, a more detailed heading could be “Literature review on the impacts of literature and its implications.” After providing details, read your outline. Then overview and see does it flow clearly and provide a structure to build a complete paper around the chosen topic. If not, refine it. When it does, move to a two level outline.
The Two-Level Outline: as the student feels comfort and expertise in outlining, s/he should proceed toward the two-level outline.
A common basic two-level outline looks like this:
1. Introduction
i.Definition
ii.Basic data and information
2. Explanation
i.Implications
ii.Extent of the review
iii.Periods to be covered
3. Analysis
i.Comparative
ii.Analytical
4. Results
i.Statistics and figures
ii.Outcomes
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
PURPOSE OF MAKING OUTLINE
Preparing an outline is the most important step in the process of producing a manuscript for publication in a journal. The outline bears roughly the same relation to the final manuscript as an architectural blueprint does to a finished house. The purpose of an outline is to divide the writing of the entire paper into a number of smaller tasks. A good outline organizes the various topics and arguments in logical form. By ordering the topics the students identify, before writing the manuscript, any gaps that might exist.
Outlining is an important step in organizing a paper. When done well, it clearly shows the relationships between ideas in your paper and provides a plan for writing. It also helps the student to think about the topic and to reach the level of synthesis and evaluation in learning. Further, it can help to determine whether student has researched the topic thoroughly. Finally, it can help to determine whether the paper makes a convincing argument, before spending time agonizing over grammar, sentence structure, word choice, and transitional sentences etc.
Before continuing, the student should make a rough and sketched outline. Some important activities that are generally done prior to outlining include extensive reading, taking notes on important ideas (with citations), brainstorming and listing ideas, grouping related ideas together, ordering groups from general to specific (from abstract to concrete.) After having done a lot of these activities, the student is ready to start outlining. Here will be needed to revisit these activities as before making an outline whenever there may occur new ideas and material for writing.
There are two kinds of outlines: the topic outline and the sentence outline.
The Topic Outline consists of short phrases. It is particularly useful when you are dealing with a number of different issues that could be arranged in a variety of ways in your paper.
The Sentence Outline is done in full sentences. It is normally used when your paper focuses on complex details. The sentence outline is especially useful for this kind of paper because sentences themselves have many of the details in them. A sentence outline also allows you to include those details in the sentences instead of having to create an outline of many short phrases that goes on page after page.
Both topic and sentence outlines follow rigid formats, using Roman and Arabic numerals along with capital and small letters of the alphabet. This helps both the student and anyone who reads the outline to follow the organization easily. There is no rule for which type of outline is best.
Process of Outlining
When should you start outlining?
Some students like to start outlining at the beginning of the semester as a method of review. They may begin outlining once the professor has finished discussing one section of the course syllabus. Other students begin once they are able to see the big picture concepts of the course, which may cause them to begin outlining later in the course. They begin once they can predict where the course is going or once they have a sound understanding of what the course has already covered. Some students use the outlining process as a comparison tool; they begin outlining at the beginning of the semester and look at their reading notes and draft portions of their outline before class to compare their outline with what is covered in class. All these exercises cause panic in the work and instead of benefiting, they mostly cause harm. The outlining process neither should be devised at the outset, nor from the mid, instead outlines should be made thoroughly and throughout when needs be. The student should himself consider what type of the topic is, and also what sort of outlining he may need.
The outlining process requires a complete planning and sketching of the whole study matter. When deciding when to begin outlining, you should consider how many exams you have to prepare for and whether you will be outlining for each. Your time constraints may guide your decision on when to start outlining more than any other factor. Many people like to start outlining first semester during the first week in November because most of the course material has been presented at that point and the remaining material will require minimal additional effort to include in the outline. However, many successful exam-takers start outlining over Thanksgiving break, when they have a block of uninterrupted time. Choose the one that you think works best for your paper.
HOW TO MAKE OUTLINE
1. Identify the Topic
The topic of your paper is important. Try to sum up the point of your paper in one sentence or phrase. This will help your paper stay focused on the main point.
2. Identify the Main Categories.
What main points will you cover? The introduction usually introduces all of your main points, then the rest of paper can be spent developing those points.
3. Create the First Category.
What is the first point you want to cover? If the paper centers around a complicated term, a definition is often a good place to start. For a paper about a particular theory, giving the general background on the theory can be a good place to begin.
4. Create subcategories
After you have the main point, create points under it that provide support for the main point. The number of categories that you use depends on the amount of information that you are going to cover; there is no right or wrong number to use. By convention, each category consists of a minimum of two entries. If your first category is Roman numeral I, your outline must also have a category labeled roman numeral II; if you have a capital letter A under category I, you must also have a capital letter B. Whether you then go on to have capital letters C, D, E, etc., is up to you, depending on the amount of material you are going to cover. You are required to have only two of each numbered or lettered category.
FORMAT OF OUTLINE
One-Level Outline: as a beginner, the student is needed to start with a one level outline. A common basic one-level outline looks like this one:
I. Introduction
II. Explanation
III. Analysis
IV. Results
V. Discussion
VI. Conclusion
Using the above outline as a guide, create a one level outline for your paper by making the topic headings more detailed. For example, instead of “Literature review”, a more detailed heading could be “Literature review on the impacts of literature and its implications.” After providing details, read your outline. Then overview and see does it flow clearly and provide a structure to build a complete paper around the chosen topic. If not, refine it. When it does, move to a two level outline.
The Two-Level Outline: as the student feels comfort and expertise in outlining, s/he should proceed toward the two-level outline.
A common basic two-level outline looks like this:
1. Introduction
i.Definition
ii.Basic data and information
2. Explanation
i.Implications
ii.Extent of the review
iii.Periods to be covered
3. Analysis
i.Comparative
ii.Analytical
4. Results
i.Statistics and figures
ii.Outcomes
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
PURPOSE OF MAKING OUTLINE
Preparing an outline is the most important step in the process of producing a manuscript for publication in a journal. The outline bears roughly the same relation to the final manuscript as an architectural blueprint does to a finished house. The purpose of an outline is to divide the writing of the entire paper into a number of smaller tasks. A good outline organizes the various topics and arguments in logical form. By ordering the topics the students identify, before writing the manuscript, any gaps that might exist.
Outlining is an important step in organizing a paper. When done well, it clearly shows the relationships between ideas in your paper and provides a plan for writing. It also helps the student to think about the topic and to reach the level of synthesis and evaluation in learning. Further, it can help to determine whether student has researched the topic thoroughly. Finally, it can help to determine whether the paper makes a convincing argument, before spending time agonizing over grammar, sentence structure, word choice, and transitional sentences etc.
Before continuing, the student should make a rough and sketched outline. Some important activities that are generally done prior to outlining include extensive reading, taking notes on important ideas (with citations), brainstorming and listing ideas, grouping related ideas together, ordering groups from general to specific (from abstract to concrete.) After having done a lot of these activities, the student is ready to start outlining. Here will be needed to revisit these activities as before making an outline whenever there may occur new ideas and material for writing.
Gulliver's Travels Short Ques
What is mock-utopia?Mock-utopia refers to the idea that a society might appear to be idyllic or might want to appear idyllic, but there is no such thing as a perfect society. "Mock" means pretend or fake and "utopia" refers to a perfect place. "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift is a mock-utopia. How 'Gulliver's Travels' is a satire?Gulliver's Travels" serves as a biting satire. Swift uses mock seriousness and understatement; he parodies and burlesques; he presents a virtue and then turns it into vice. The tone of the book varies from mild wit to outright derision. He is constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imaginary countries. Who is Gulliver?Gulliver is the protagonist of the ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ and narrator of the story. He belongs to middle-class family in Nottingham shire, England. He is intelligent and well educated.Who are Lilliputians?The Lilliputians are inhabitants of the island where Gulliver reached after his ship wrecked in the sea. They are six inches in height. They are ruled by an Emperor. They are selfish, vicious, morally corrupt, deceitful and jealous, filled with greed and ingratitude.What is the real title of 'Gulliver's Travels'? The real title of "Gulliver's Travels" is "Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel Gulliver". What is the symbolic significance of Lilliput?Lilliput is symbolized the political, religious and social affairs of England. Small size signifies low morality, high-heels and low-heels signify the Whigs and Tories and big-endian and little-endian signify Catholic and Protestant etc.How do the Lilliputians treat Gulliver when they first encounter him?They fasten him in strings and put him on a cart which driven by thousands of miniature horses.What is the significance of size in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?In ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ the small size signifies the low morality as selfish, vain, petty etc.(Lilliputian) and the big size signifies the high morality like noble, good, peaceful etc.(Brobdignagian).Is Swift a pessimist?No doubt, Swift has a very pessimistic view of human kind in "Gulliver's Travels". However, the book is not a sermon of hopeless pessimism but a farsighted overview of the social and ideological tenets of bourgeois progress. Thus Swift is a hopeful pessimist. Has 'Gulliver's Travels' been written for children?''Gulliver's Travels" is not really a children's book, but it has been seen as a children's story from the start: little people, big people, talking horses. However, since it publication it has been popular with both children and adults. Is 'Gulliver's Travels' interesting?Gulliver's Travels" is a story of adventure and has several elements in it of a fairy tale. Both adventure and fairy-elements in a story greatly appeal to the readers. Thus "Gulliver's Travels" is a very interesting story.
■Is 'Gulliver's Travels' a tragic work?Gulliver's Travels" is not a wholly tragic work. It does not have a clear tragic hero. It would be quite appropriate to call is a tragic-comedy. What is the purpose of Swift in writing 'Gulliver's Travels'?Swift's main purpose in writing "Gulliver's Travels" is to reform the weakness and inability of the English government and political world through the different places that he has artfully created in this book. He also wants reforms in the inappropriateness of war, the fickleness of the English social atmosphere, and the corruption of the legal universe in Swift's era.
▶Who are Swift's satirical targets?
Education, politics, religion, science, society, the nature of man and the king in the 18th century England are the satirical targets of Swift in "Gulliver's Travels".
What is mock-utopia?
Mock-utopia refers to the idea that a society might appear to be idyllic or might want to appear idyllic, but there is no such thing as a perfect society. "Mock" means pretend or fake and "utopia" refers to a perfect place. "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift is a mock-utopia.
How 'Gulliver's Travels' is a satire?
Gulliver's Travels" serves as a biting satire. Swift uses mock seriousness and understatement; he parodies and burlesques; he presents a virtue and then turns it into vice. The tone of the book varies from mild wit to outright derision. He is constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imaginary countries.
Who is Gulliver?
Gulliver is the protagonist of the ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ and narrator of the story. He belongs to middle-class family in Nottingham shire, England. He is intelligent and well educated.
Who are Lilliputians?
The Lilliputians are inhabitants of the island where Gulliver reached after his ship wrecked in the sea. They are six inches in height. They are ruled by an Emperor. They are selfish, vicious, morally corrupt, deceitful and jealous, filled with greed and ingratitude.
What is the real title of 'Gulliver's Travels'?
The real title of "Gulliver's Travels" is "Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel Gulliver".
What is the symbolic significance of Lilliput?
Lilliput is symbolized the political, religious and social affairs of England. Small size signifies low morality, high-heels and low-heels signify the Whigs and Tories and big-endian and little-endian signify Catholic and Protestant etc.
How do the Lilliputians treat Gulliver when they first encounter him?
They fasten him in strings and put him on a cart which driven by thousands of miniature horses.
What is the significance of size in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
In ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ the small size signifies the low morality as selfish, vain, petty etc.(Lilliputian) and the big size signifies the high morality like noble, good, peaceful etc.(Brobdignagian).
Is Swift a pessimist?
No doubt, Swift has a very pessimistic view of human kind in "Gulliver's Travels". However, the book is not a sermon of hopeless pessimism but a farsighted overview of the social and ideological tenets of bourgeois progress. Thus Swift is a hopeful pessimist.
Has 'Gulliver's Travels' been written for children?
''Gulliver's Travels" is not really a children's book, but it has been seen as a children's story from the start: little people, big people, talking horses. However, since it publication it has been popular with both children and adults.
Is 'Gulliver's Travels' interesting?
Gulliver's Travels" is a story of adventure and has several elements in it of a fairy tale. Both adventure and fairy-elements in a story greatly appeal to the readers. Thus "Gulliver's Travels" is a very interesting story.
■Is 'Gulliver's Travels' a tragic work?
Gulliver's Travels" is not a wholly tragic work. It does not have a clear tragic hero. It would be quite appropriate to call is a tragic-comedy.
What is the purpose of Swift in writing 'Gulliver's Travels'?
Swift's main purpose in writing "Gulliver's Travels" is to reform the weakness and inability of the English government and political world through the different places that he has artfully created in this book. He also wants reforms in the inappropriateness of war, the fickleness of the English social atmosphere, and the corruption of the legal universe in Swift's era.
▶Who are Swift's satirical targets?
Education, politics, religion, science, society, the nature of man and the king in the 18th century England are the satirical targets of Swift in "Gulliver's Travels".
What is the allegorical significance of the floating island of Laputa?
The floating island of Laputa is about 4.5 miles in diameter, with an adamantine base, which its inhabitants can maneuver in any direction using magnetic levitation. The rebellion of Lindalino against Laputa is an allegory of Ireland's revolt against Great Britain.
What are the two empires fighting about in 'Gulliver's Travels'?
Lilliput and Blefuscu are the two empires fighting about in "Gulliver's Travels". They represent the constant fighting between England and France in the early 18th century.
What is the significance of size in 'Gulliver's Travels'?
The small size of Lilliputians and Blefuscudians is an indication of their moral stature. The Lilliputians are petty, vain, spiteful, self-important, and ready to make a war at the drop of a hat. The Blefuscudians favour opening eggs on the big end, in opposition to the position of the Lilliputians, and declare a war on Lilliput. On the other hand, the giant Brodingnagians are good, noble and peace-loving.
Who are Lilliputians?
The Lilliputians inhabit the first island Gulliver visits. They are men six inches in height but possessing all the pretension and self-importance of full-sized men. They are ruled by an Emperor. They are mean and nasty, vicious, morally corrupt, hypocritical and deceitful, jealous and envious, filled with greed and ingratitude -- they are, in fact, completely human.
How did Gulliver help the king of Lilliput?
Gulliver helped the king of Lilliput in different ways. He helped the king specially in military, by stealing the Blefuscudian's navy.
How did Gulliver help the king of Lilliput?
Gulliver helped the king of Lilliput by stealing the Blefuscudian ships. It is easy job for him that water is up to his waist level but difficult for Lilliputians because of their small height.
What is the great service performed by Gulliver to the Emperor of Lilliput, and what is this reward?
The great service performed by Gulliver to the Emperor of Lilliput is that Gulliver steals the Blefuscudian ships and he rewarded by the highest military award in Lilliput.
What are the two empires fighting about in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
The two empires fighting about in “Gulliver’s Travels” are Lilliput and Blefuscu. These two empires stand for fighting between England and France in the early 18th century.
The Yahoos stand for the evil in man. Explain.
Yahoos stand for the evil in man. They shows the eagerness for pearls, lust, envy, deceit etc.
What do Small Endians and Big Endians stand for in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
Small Endians stand for the Protestant and Big Endians stand for Catholic in the “Gulliver’s Travels”.
Has ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ been written for children?‘Gulliver’s Travels’ has been written for adults not for children but it is popular in children because it is like fairy tales. Little peoples, tall peoples and floating island were interesting elements for children but these have symbolic meanings for adults.
What is the purpose of Swift in writing ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
The purpose of Swift in writing ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ is to bring reforms in society, religion and politics of Europe specially England.
▶Who are Blefuscudians?
Blescudians are pigmies of six inches like Lilliputians. Blefuscue symbolizes the France.
What is the allegorical significance of the floating island of Laputa?
The floating island of Laputa is about 4.5 miles in diameter, with an adamantine base, which its inhabitants can maneuver in any direction using magnetic levitation. The rebellion of Lindalino against Laputa is an allegory of Ireland's revolt against Great Britain.
What are the two empires fighting about in 'Gulliver's Travels'?
Lilliput and Blefuscu are the two empires fighting about in "Gulliver's Travels". They represent the constant fighting between England and France in the early 18th century.
What is the significance of size in 'Gulliver's Travels'?
The small size of Lilliputians and Blefuscudians is an indication of their moral stature. The Lilliputians are petty, vain, spiteful, self-important, and ready to make a war at the drop of a hat. The Blefuscudians favour opening eggs on the big end, in opposition to the position of the Lilliputians, and declare a war on Lilliput. On the other hand, the giant Brodingnagians are good, noble and peace-loving.
Who are Lilliputians?
The Lilliputians inhabit the first island Gulliver visits. They are men six inches in height but possessing all the pretension and self-importance of full-sized men. They are ruled by an Emperor. They are mean and nasty, vicious, morally corrupt, hypocritical and deceitful, jealous and envious, filled with greed and ingratitude -- they are, in fact, completely human.
How did Gulliver help the king of Lilliput?
Gulliver helped the king of Lilliput in different ways. He helped the king specially in military, by stealing the Blefuscudian's navy.
How did Gulliver help the king of Lilliput?
Gulliver helped the king of Lilliput by stealing the Blefuscudian ships. It is easy job for him that water is up to his waist level but difficult for Lilliputians because of their small height.
What is the great service performed by Gulliver to the Emperor of Lilliput, and what is this reward?
The great service performed by Gulliver to the Emperor of Lilliput is that Gulliver steals the Blefuscudian ships and he rewarded by the highest military award in Lilliput.
What are the two empires fighting about in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
The two empires fighting about in “Gulliver’s Travels” are Lilliput and Blefuscu. These two empires stand for fighting between England and France in the early 18th century.
The Yahoos stand for the evil in man. Explain.
Yahoos stand for the evil in man. They shows the eagerness for pearls, lust, envy, deceit etc.
What do Small Endians and Big Endians stand for in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
Small Endians stand for the Protestant and Big Endians stand for Catholic in the “Gulliver’s Travels”.
Has ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ been written for children?
‘Gulliver’s Travels’ has been written for adults not for children but it is popular in children because it is like fairy tales. Little peoples, tall peoples and floating island were interesting elements for children but these have symbolic meanings for adults.
What is the purpose of Swift in writing ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
The purpose of Swift in writing ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ is to bring reforms in society, religion and politics of Europe specially England.
Blescudians are pigmies of six inches like Lilliputians. Blefuscue symbolizes the France.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
-
Lucy Gray is a poem written by William Wordsworth in 1798 and published in his Lyrical Ballads. It describes the death of a young girl name... -
LAW OF PROBABILITY AND NECESSITY: The law of probability in terms of tragedy simply means the probability that a given character will ...